Abstract
Two field experiments carried out in contrasting production system (conventional versus organic) investigated the effects of sulphur (S) fertilization and wheat seed rate in wheat/faba bean (bean) intercropping system. For the conventional experiment, S fertilization reduced wheat seed yields and biomass yields substantially. Maximum wheat seed yields were 278 g/m 2 and 391 g/m 2 for S applied and S withheld respectively. On the other hand, at 200 wheat seeds/m 2 application of S significantly increased bean intercrop seed yield. Bean seed yields were 195.8 g/m2 and 81.9 g/m2 for S and without S respectively. For the seed yield, based on crop performance ratio (CPR), wheat in the intercrop was more efficient than the sole crop only at 200 wheat seeds/m 2 when S was withheld as indicated by CPR value of 1.11. The maximum CPR for the bean of 1.87 was obtained at 200 wheat seeds/m2 when S was applied. For both wheat and bean, application of S had no substantial effects on harvest index. Whilst application of S had a positive effects on accumulated photosynthetically active radiation by the intercrop, radiation use efficiency was conservative in response to S fertilization. For the conventional experiment, it was concluded that bean competed with the wheat intensely for S than for N leading to higher yields for the bean when S was applied than when S was withheld. Hence, wheat intercrop seed yields were substantially reduced when S was applied. By contrast, in the organic experiment, S fertilization had no significant effects on the above-mentioned variables.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur fertilization reduced conventional intercrop wheat seed yield.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- S fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- wheat seed yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 278 g/m 2e1
- Qualifier
- 391 g/m 2e1
- Comparator
- S withhelde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S fertilization reduced wheat seed yields and biomass yields substantially”
e1“Maximum wheat seed yields were 278 g/m 2 and 391 g/m 2 for S applied and S withheld respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur fertilization substantially reduced conventional intercrop wheat biomass yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- S fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- biomass yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- S withhelde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S fertilization reduced wheat seed yields and biomass yields substantially”
e1“S withheld respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At 200 wheat seeds per square meter, sulphur increased bean seed yield from 81.9 to 195.8 g/m2.
Verbatim
e0“at 200 wheat seeds/m 2 application of S significantly increased bean intercrop seed yield”
e1“Bean seed yields were 195.8 g/m2 and 81.9 g/m2 for S and without S respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Without sulphur at 200 wheat seeds/m2, intercrop wheat outperformed sole wheat in seed yield with CPR 1.11.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- seed yielde1
- Direction
- more efficiente0
- Value
- 1.11e0
- Comparator
- sole crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat in the intercrop was more efficient than the sole crop only at 200 wheat seeds/m 2 when S was withheld as indicated by CPR value of 1.11”
e1“For the seed yield, based on crop performance ratio (CPR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bean maximum CPR was 1.87 at 200 wheat seeds/m2 with sulphur.
Verbatim
e0“maximum CPR for the bean of 1.87 was obtained at 200 wheat seeds/m2 when S was applied”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur had no substantial effect on wheat harvest index.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- application of Se0
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- no substantial effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For both wheat and bean, application of S had no substantial effects on harvest index.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur had no substantial effect on bean harvest index.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“For both wheat and bean, application of S had no substantial effects on harvest index.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur positively affected accumulated photosynthetically active radiation of the intercrop.
- Taxon
- wheat/faba bean
Vicia fabaTriticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- application of Se0
- Outcome
- accumulated photosynthetically active radiation by the intercrope0
- Direction
- positive effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of S had a positive effects on accumulated photosynthetically active radiation by the intercrop”
t0“wheat/faba bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Radiation use efficiency was conservative with sulphur fertilization.
- Taxon
- wheat/faba beanVicia fabaTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- S fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- radiation use efficiencye0
- Direction
- conservativee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“radiation use efficiency was conservative in response to S fertilization”
t0“wheat/faba bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Bean competed more intensely with wheat for sulphur than nitrogen in the conventional intercrop.
- Taxon
- wheat/faba beanVicia fabaTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- beane0other
- Outcome
- competed with the wheate0
- Direction
- intenselye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bean competed with the wheat intensely for S than for N”
t0“wheat/faba bean”
Claim · model-written summary
In the organic experiment, sulphur had no significant effects on the reported variables.
- Taxon
- wheat/faba beanVicia fabaTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- S fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- above-mentioned variablese0
- Direction
- no significant effectse0
- Setting
- organic experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the organic experiment, S fertilization had no significant effects on the above-mentioned variables”
t0“wheat/faba bean”
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