Abstract
Particle film technology is a new tool for tree fruit production systems. Trials were performed in Santiago, Chile, and Washington and West Virginia to evaluate the effect of particle film treatments on apple [ Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill var domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] fruit temperature and the incidence of solar injury. Fruit surface temperature was reduced by the application of reflective particles and the amount of temperature reduction was proportional to the amount of particle residue on the fruit surface. Effective solar injury suppression was achieved with spray applications of 45 to 56 kg·ha -1 of a reflective, processed-kaolin particle film material in concentrations ranging from 3% to 12% in some of the locations. The timing of application to suppress solar injury was not clearly defined. The processed-kaolin particle film material was highly reflective to the ultraviolet wavelengths and this characteristic may be important in reducing solar injury to both fruit and leaves.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Reflective particle application reduced apple fruit surface temperature.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- application of reflective particlese0
- Outcome
- Fruit surface temperaturee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Solar Injury in Apple”
e0“Fruit surface temperature was reduced by the application of reflective particles”
Claim · model-written summary
The amount of fruit temperature reduction was proportional to the amount of particle residue on the fruit surface.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- amount of particle residue on the fruit surfacee1
- Outcome
- amount of temperature reductione1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Solar Injury in Apple”
e1“the amount of temperature reduction was proportional to the amount of particle residue on the fruit surface”
Claim · model-written summary
Spray applications of 45 to 56 kg·ha -1 of the reflective processed-kaolin film achieved effective solar injury suppression in apple in some locations.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- spray applications of 45 to 56 kg·ha -1e2
- Outcome
- solar injury suppressione2
- Direction
- Effectivee2
- Qualifier
- in concentrations ranging from 3% to 12% in some of the locationse2
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Solar Injury in Apple”
e2“Effective solar injury suppression was achieved with spray applications of 45 to 56 kg·ha -1 of a reflective, processed-kaolin particle film material in concentrations ranging from 3% to 12% in some of the locations”
Claim · model-written summary
The timing of application to suppress solar injury was not clearly defined.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- timing of application to suppress solar injurye3
- Qualifier
- was not clearly definede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Solar Injury in Apple”
e3“The timing of application to suppress solar injury was not clearly defined”
Claim · model-written summary
The processed-kaolin particle film material was highly reflective to ultraviolet wavelengths.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- processed-kaolin particle film materiale4
- Outcome
- highly reflective to the ultraviolet wavelengthse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Solar Injury in Apple”
e4“The processed-kaolin particle film material was highly reflective to the ultraviolet wavelengths and this characteristic may be important in reducing solar injury to both fruit and leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The ultraviolet reflectance of the film may be important in reducing solar injury to both fruit and leaves.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- reducing solar injury to both fruit and leavese4
- Qualifier
- this characteristic may be importante4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Solar Injury in Apple”
e4“The processed-kaolin particle film material was highly reflective to the ultraviolet wavelengths and this characteristic may be important in reducing solar injury to both fruit and leaves”
The same questions in other papers
application · crop injury · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
21 papers more in this group
See all 25 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.