Abstract
The BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) receptor kinase has recently been shown to possess tyrosine kinase activity, and preventing autophosphorylation of the tyrosine-831 regulatory site by site-directed mutagenesis enhances shoot growth. In this study, we characterized the increased leaf growth of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants expressing BRI1(Y831F)-Flag compared with BRI1-Flag (both driven by the native promoter and expressed in the bri1-5 weak allele background) and provide insights into the possible mechanisms involved. On average, relative leaf growth rate was increased 16% in the Y831F plants (in the bri1-5 background), and the gain of function of the Y831F-directed mutant was dominant in the wild-type background. Leaves were larger as a result of increased cell numbers and had substantially increased vascularization. Transcriptome analysis indicated that genes associated with brassinolide biosynthesis, secondary cell wall biosynthesis and vascular development, and regulation of growth were altered in expression and may contribute to the observed changes in leaf architecture and whole plant growth. Analysis of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence indicated that Y831F mutant plants had higher rates of photosynthesis, and metabolite analysis documented enhanced accumulation of starch, sucrose, and several amino acids, most prominently glycine and proline. These results demonstrate that mutation of BRI1 can enhance photosynthesis and leaf growth/vascularization and may suggest new approaches to increase whole plant carbon assimilation and growth.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Relative leaf growth rate was 16% higher in BRI1(Y831F) plants than in BRI1 plants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae1 - Material
- BRI1(Y831F)-Flage1
- Organ / stage
- leafe2
- Treatment
- expressing BRI1(Y831F)-Flage1
- Gene
- BRI1e1
- Outcome
- relative leaf growth ratee2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 16%e2
- Comparator
- BRI1-Flage1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants expressing BRI1(Y831F)-Flag compared with BRI1-Flag”
e2“relative leaf growth rate was increased 16% in the Y831F plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves of BRI1(Y831F) plants were larger because of increased cell numbers.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Organ / stage
- Leavese2
- Treatment
- expressing BRI1(Y831F)-Flage1
- Outcome
- cell numberse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- BRI1-Flage1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants expressing BRI1(Y831F)-Flag compared with BRI1-Flag”
e2“Leaves were larger as a result of increased cell numbers”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves of BRI1(Y831F) plants had substantially increased vascularization.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- expressing BRI1(Y831F)-Flage1
- Outcome
- vascularizatione2
- Direction
- substantially increasede2
- Comparator
- BRI1-Flage1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants expressing BRI1(Y831F)-Flag compared with BRI1-Flag”
e2“had substantially increased vascularization”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of genes for brassinolide biosynthesis, secondary cell wall biosynthesis and vascular development was altered in BRI1(Y831F) plants, which may contribute to the leaf changes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- expressing BRI1(Y831F)-Flage1
- Outcome
- genes associated with brassinolide biosynthesis, secondary cell wall biosynthesis and vascular developmente2
- Direction
- alterede2
- Qualifier
- may contribute to the observed changes in leaf architecture and whole plant growthe3
- Comparator
- BRI1-Flage1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants expressing BRI1(Y831F)-Flag compared with BRI1-Flag”
e2“genes associated with brassinolide biosynthesis, secondary cell wall biosynthesis and vascular development, and regulation of growth were altered in expression”
e3“may contribute to the observed changes in leaf architecture and whole plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of genes for regulation of growth was altered in BRI1(Y831F) plants, which may contribute to the leaf changes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- expressing BRI1(Y831F)-Flage1
- Outcome
- regulation of growthe2
- Direction
- alterede2
- Qualifier
- may contribute to the observed changes in leaf architecture and whole plant growthe3
- Comparator
- BRI1-Flage1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants expressing BRI1(Y831F)-Flag compared with BRI1-Flag”
e2“and regulation of growth were altered in expression”
e3“may contribute to the observed changes in leaf architecture and whole plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Y831F mutant plants had higher rates of photosynthesis than BRI1 plants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- expressing BRI1(Y831F)-Flage1
- Outcome
- rates of photosynthesise2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- BRI1-Flage1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants expressing BRI1(Y831F)-Flag compared with BRI1-Flag”
e2“Y831F mutant plants had higher rates of photosynthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Starch and sucrose accumulated more in BRI1(Y831F) plants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- expressing BRI1(Y831F)-Flage1
- Outcome
- accumulation of starch, sucrosee2
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Comparator
- BRI1-Flage1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants expressing BRI1(Y831F)-Flag compared with BRI1-Flag”
e2“enhanced accumulation of starch, sucrose, and several amino acids”
Claim · model-written summary
Several amino acids accumulated more in BRI1(Y831F) plants, most prominently glycine and proline.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- expressing BRI1(Y831F)-Flage1
- Outcome
- several amino acidse2
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Qualifier
- most prominently glycine and prolinee3
- Comparator
- BRI1-Flage1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants expressing BRI1(Y831F)-Flag compared with BRI1-Flag”
e2“enhanced accumulation of starch, sucrose, and several amino acids”
e3“most prominently glycine and proline”
Claim · model-written summary
The gain of function of the Y831F-directed mutant was dominant in the wild-type background.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- Y831F-directed mutante2
- Outcome
- gain of functione2
- Direction
- dominante2
- Setting
- wild-type backgrounde2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants expressing BRI1(Y831F)-Flag compared with BRI1-Flag”
e2“the gain of function of the Y831F-directed mutant was dominant in the wild-type background”
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