Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at Jhansi during the winter season (rabi) of 200910 to rainy season (kharif) of 2012 to study the impact of tillage practices and irrigation management on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and their carry-over effects on succeeding fodder sorghum [Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench]. Reduced tillage recorded 1.74 t/ha grain yield of chickpea and was on a par with conventional tillage. However, reduced tillage (57.7%) and zero tillage (57.4%) recorded significantly higher harvest index than conventional tillage (55.2%). Similarly, appli- cation of 2 irrigations to chickpea recorded higher grain yield (1.90 t/ha) and system productivity in terms of chickpea-equivalent yield (4.00 t/ha) but application of only 1 irrigation recorded higher irrigation water-use effi- ciency (295 kg grain /ha-cm). Significantly higher plant height, plant population, grains per pod, 100-seed weight, weeds count and weed dry matter were also recorded in irrigated plots than unirrigated control. Higher system productivity in terms of chickpea-equivalent yield (CEY) was recorded under reduced tillage (3.85 t/ha) and con- ventional tillage (3.90 t/ha) than zero tillage. Reduced tillage and 2 irrigations in chickpea recorded higher net re- turns i.e. 33.1 103 and 34.6 103/ha and benefit: cost ratio i.e. 0.85 and 0.87, from whole system. After 3 years, the bulk density of 1530 cm soil depths was lower in zero tillage (1.34 Mg/m3) than conventional (1.40 Mg/ m3) and reduced tillage (1.37 Mg/m3). Similarly, significantly higher values of total organic carbon (10.31 g/kg), electrical conductivity (0.20 dS/m), available N (260.1 kg/ha) and available K (197.7 kg/ha) were recorded under zero tillage. Application of 2 irrigations recorded lower electrical conductivity (0.152 dS/m) and available N (237.0 kg/ha) and higher available K (189.8 kg/ha) status.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced tillage yielded 1.74 t/ha chickpea grain, on par with conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinume0 - Treatment
- Reduced tillagee0
- Outcome
- grain yield of chickpeae0
- Direction
- on a pare0
- Value
- 1.74 t/hae0
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced tillage recorded 1.74 t/ha grain yield of chickpea and was on a par with conventional tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced tillage raised chickpea harvest index to 57.7% versus 55.2% under conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- reduced tillagee0
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 57.7%e0
- Qualifier
- 55.2%e0
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced tillage (57.7%) and zero tillage (57.4%) recorded significantly higher harvest index than conventional tillage (55.2%)”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage raised chickpea harvest index to 57.4% versus 55.2% under conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- zero tillagee0
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 57.4%e0
- Qualifier
- 55.2%e0
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced tillage (57.7%) and zero tillage (57.4%) recorded significantly higher harvest index than conventional tillage (55.2%)”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
One irrigation produced higher irrigation water-use efficiency of 295 kg grain /ha-cm.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 1 irrigatione0
- Outcome
- irrigation water-use effi- ciencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 295 kg grain /ha-cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of only 1 irrigation recorded higher irrigation water-use effi- ciency (295 kg grain /ha-cm)”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
plant height was significantly higher in irrigated than unirrigated plots.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- irrigated plotse0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- unirrigated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher plant height, plant population, grains per pod, 100-seed weight, weeds count and weed dry matter were also recorded in irrigated plots than unirrigated control”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
plant population was significantly higher in irrigated than unirrigated plots.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- irrigated plotse0
- Outcome
- plant populatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- unirrigated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher plant height, plant population, grains per pod, 100-seed weight, weeds count and weed dry matter were also recorded in irrigated plots than unirrigated control”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
grains per pod was significantly higher in irrigated than unirrigated plots.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- irrigated plotse0
- Outcome
- grains per pode0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- unirrigated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher plant height, plant population, grains per pod, 100-seed weight, weeds count and weed dry matter were also recorded in irrigated plots than unirrigated control”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
100-seed weight was significantly higher in irrigated than unirrigated plots.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- irrigated plotse0
- Outcome
- 100-seed weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- unirrigated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher plant height, plant population, grains per pod, 100-seed weight, weeds count and weed dry matter were also recorded in irrigated plots than unirrigated control”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
weeds count was significantly higher in irrigated than unirrigated plots.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- irrigated plotse0
- Outcome
- weeds counte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- unirrigated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher plant height, plant population, grains per pod, 100-seed weight, weeds count and weed dry matter were also recorded in irrigated plots than unirrigated control”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
weed dry matter was significantly higher in irrigated than unirrigated plots.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- irrigated plotse0
- Outcome
- weed dry mattere0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- unirrigated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher plant height, plant population, grains per pod, 100-seed weight, weeds count and weed dry matter were also recorded in irrigated plots than unirrigated control”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced tillage increased system chickpea-equivalent yield to 3.85 t/ha versus zero tillage.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- reduced tillagee0
- Outcome
- chickpea-equivalent yield (CEY)e0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Value
- 3.85 t/hae0
- Comparator
- zero tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher system productivity in terms of chickpea-equivalent yield (CEY) was recorded under reduced tillage (3.85 t/ha) and con- ventional tillage (3.90 t/ha) than zero tillage”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage increased system chickpea-equivalent yield to 3.90 t/ha versus zero tillage.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- con- ventional tillagee0
- Outcome
- chickpea-equivalent yield (CEY)e0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Value
- 3.90 t/hae0
- Comparator
- zero tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher system productivity in terms of chickpea-equivalent yield (CEY) was recorded under reduced tillage (3.85 t/ha) and con- ventional tillage (3.90 t/ha) than zero tillage”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced tillage gave higher whole-system net returns of 33.1 103/ha and benefit:cost ratio of 0.85.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Reduced tillagee0
- Outcome
- net re- turnse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 33.1 103e0
- Qualifier
- 0.85e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced tillage and 2 irrigations in chickpea recorded higher net re- turns i.e. 33.1 103 and 34.6 103/ha and benefit: cost ratio i.e. 0.85 and 0.87, from whole system”
Claim · model-written summary
Two irrigations gave higher whole-system net returns of 34.6 103/ha and benefit:cost ratio of 0.87.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- 2 irrigationse0
- Outcome
- net re- turnse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 34.6 103/hae0
- Qualifier
- 0.87e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced tillage and 2 irrigations in chickpea recorded higher net re- turns i.e. 33.1 103 and 34.6 103/ha and benefit: cost ratio i.e. 0.85 and 0.87, from whole system”
Claim · model-written summary
After three years zero tillage lowered soil bulk density to 1.34 Mg/m3 relative to conventional and reduced tillage.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- zero tillagee0
- Outcome
- bulk density of 1530 cm soil depthse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 1.34 Mg/m3e0
- Qualifier
- After 3 yearse0
- Comparator
- conventionale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 3 years, the bulk density of 1530 cm soil depths was lower in zero tillage (1.34 Mg/m3) than conventional (1.40 Mg/ m3) and reduced tillage (1.37 Mg/m3)”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage increased soil total organic carbon to 10.31 g/kg.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- zero tillagee0
- Outcome
- total organic carbone0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 10.31 g/kge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly higher values of total organic carbon (10.31 g/kg), electrical conductivity (0.20 dS/m), available N (260.1 kg/ha) and available K (197.7 kg/ha) were recorded under zero tillage”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage increased soil electrical conductivity to 0.20 dS/m.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- zero tillagee0
- Outcome
- electrical conductivitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.20 dS/me0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly higher values of total organic carbon (10.31 g/kg), electrical conductivity (0.20 dS/m), available N (260.1 kg/ha) and available K (197.7 kg/ha) were recorded under zero tillage”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage increased soil available N to 260.1 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- zero tillagee0
- Outcome
- available Ne0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 260.1 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly higher values of total organic carbon (10.31 g/kg), electrical conductivity (0.20 dS/m), available N (260.1 kg/ha) and available K (197.7 kg/ha) were recorded under zero tillage”
t0“chickpea”
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