Abstract
Experiments were conducted under in vitro and field conditions to assess the efficacy of the soil bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. stutzeri and Paenibacillus polymyxa for controlling the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, in chickpea, Cicer arietinum, in India. The bacterial strains tested solubilized phosphorous under in vitro and soil conditions and produced indole acetic acid, ammonia and hydrogen cyanide in vitro. Both pure culture and culture filtrates of the bacteria reduced egg hatching and increased juvenile mortality of the nematode. Under field conditions, seed treatment (at 5 ml/kg seed) with cultures containing 1012 colony forming units/ml of P. fluorescens and P. stutzerisignificantly increased yield and root nodulation of chickpea. Inoculation with 2000 juveniles of M. incognita/spot (plant) caused severe root galling and decreased the yield of chickpea by 24%. Treatment with P. fluorescens suppressed gall formation, and treatment with P. fluorescensor B. subtilis suppressed reproduction and soil populations of M. incognita. However, the suppressive effects of the two bacteria on the nematode were less than that of fenamiphos. In nematodes infested plots, only treatments with P. fluorescens increased the yield (14%) compared to fenamiphos, being 31% above the untreated nematode control. Paenibacillus polymyxa and P. stutzeri increased the yield over that of the control and were on par with fenamiphos treatment. Rhizosphere populations of all bacteria increased over the course of experiment irrespective of the nematode treatment. Seed dressing with P. fluorescens appears to be a handy and cost effective treatment to control the nematode and increase yield of chickpea.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The tested bacterial strains solubilized phosphorous and produced indole acetic acid, ammonia and hydrogen cyanide.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Outcome
- solubilized phosphorouse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bacterial strains tested solubilized phosphorous under in vitro and soil conditions and produced indole acetic acid, ammonia and hydrogen cyanide in vitro.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial pure cultures and filtrates reduced nematode egg hatching and increased juvenile mortality.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- pure culture and culture filtrates of the bacteriae0
- Outcome
- egg hatching and increased juvenile mortality of the nematodee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both pure culture and culture filtrates of the bacteria reduced egg hatching and increased juvenile mortality of the nematode.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
P. fluorescens and P. stutzeri seed treatments increased chickpea yield and root nodulation.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- seed treatment (at 5 ml/kg seed) with cultures containing 1012 colony forming units/ml of P. fluorescens and P. stutzerie0
- Outcome
- yield and root nodulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed treatment (at 5 ml/kg seed) with cultures containing 1012 colony forming units/ml of P. fluorescens and P. stutzerisignificantly increased yield and root nodulation of chickpea.”
Claim · model-written summary
M. incognita inoculation caused severe root galling.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with 2000 juveniles of M. incognita/spot (plant)e0
- Interactor
- M. incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae0pest - Outcome
- severe root gallinge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with 2000 juveniles of M. incognita/spot (plant) caused severe root galling”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
M. incognita inoculation decreased chickpea yield by 24%.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with 2000 juveniles of M. incognita/spot (plant)e0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pest
- Outcome
- yield of chickpeae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 24%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with 2000 juveniles of M. incognita/spot (plant) caused severe root galling and decreased the yield of chickpea by 24%.”
Claim · model-written summary
P. fluorescens suppressed gall formation.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Treatment with P. fluorescense0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitat1pest
- Second interactor
- P. fluorescens
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- gall formatione0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with P. fluorescens suppressed gall formation”
t0“chickpea”
t1“Meloidogyne incognita”
Claim · model-written summary
P. fluorescens or B. subtilis suppressed M. incognita reproduction and soil populations, less than fenamiphos.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- P. fluorescensor B. subtilise0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pest
- Outcome
- reproduction and soil populations of M. incognitae0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Comparator
- fenamiphose0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment with P. fluorescensor B. subtilis suppressed reproduction and soil populations of M. incognita. However, the suppressive effects of the two bacteria on the nematode were less than that of fenamiphos.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
In nematode-infested plots, P. fluorescens increased yield by 14% versus fenamiphos and 31% versus untreated nematode control.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- P. fluorescense0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 14%e0
- Qualifier
- 31% above the untreated nematode controle0
- Comparator
- fenamiphose0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only treatments with P. fluorescens increased the yield (14%) compared to fenamiphos, being 31% above the untreated nematode control.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Paenibacillus polymyxa and P. stutzeri increased yield over control and equaled fenamiphos.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Paenibacillus polymyxa and P. stutzerie0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Paenibacillus polymyxa and P. stutzeri increased the yield over that of the control and were on par with fenamiphos treatment.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizosphere populations of all bacteria increased regardless of nematode treatment.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- Rhizosphere populations of all bacteriae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rhizosphere populations of all bacteria increased over the course of experiment irrespective of the nematode treatment.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend P. fluorescens seed dressing to control nematodes and increase chickpea yield.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Outcome
- Seed dressing with P. fluorescense0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed dressing with P. fluorescens appears to be a handy and cost effective treatment to control the nematode and increase yield of chickpea.”
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.