Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during 2001–02 and 2002–03 at Jeelugumilli to find out the direct and residual effects of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Pseudomonas striata inoculation on rainy season (kharif) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cv ‘JS 335’ and of directly applied N in winter (rabi) season FCV tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cv ‘Kanchan’ in irrigated Alfisols of Andhra Pradesh. Co-inoculation of soybean with Bradyrhizobium + Pseudomonas recorded significantly higher growth, yield attributes and grain yield than their individual inoculation and no inoculation. Green-manuring in situ with sunnhemp [Crotalaria juncea (L.) Rotar & Joy] followed by tobacco recorded significantly higher tobacco green-leaf and cured-leaf yields, and grade index compared with other treatments. Combined inoculation of Bradyrhizobium and Pseudomonas to soybean increased the tobacco green leaf yield, cured leaf yield and grade index by 10.5, 7.7 and 13.2% respectively compared with no inoculation. Application of 130 kg N/ha recorded significantly higher green-leaf and cured-leaf yields, and grade index compared with that of 110 kg N/ha. Higher total N, nicotine, lower reducing sugars and sugar: nicotine ratio in X and L leaf positions were observed in sunnhemp–tobacco system, followed by soybean (co-inoculation) – tobacco system. Higher total N, nicotine, lower reducing sugars and sugar: nicotine ratio were recorded with 130 kg N/ha than with 110 kg N/ha. Soybean (co-inoculation) – tobacco system gave additional net returns of Rs 1,710/ha over sunnhemp–tobacco system (Rs 40,670/ha). Higher B: C ratio of 1.65 was obtained with sunnhemp – tobacco system. It was concluded that combined inoculation of Bradyrhizobium and Pseudomonas to soybean improved the growth and yield of soybean and increased the succeeding tobacco yields, and application of 130 kg N/ha would be needed for tobacco succeeding soybean.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation of soybean with Bradyrhizobium and Pseudomonas significantly increased soybean growth, yield attributes and grain yield over single or no inoculation.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Co-inoculation of soybean with Bradyrhizobium + Pseudomonase1
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium
Bradyrhizobiume1symbiont - Second interactor
- Pseudomonas
Pseudomonase1symbiont - Outcome
- growth, yield attributes and grain yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- individual inoculation and no inoculatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“biofertilizers to soybean (Glycine max)”
e1“Co-inoculation of soybean with Bradyrhizobium + Pseudomonas recorded significantly higher growth, yield attributes and grain yield than their individual inoculation and no inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Green-manuring with sunnhemp followed by tobacco significantly increased tobacco green-leaf and cured-leaf yields and grade index over other treatments.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacumt0 - Treatment
- Green-manuring in situ with sunnhempe2
- Outcome
- green-leaf and cured-leaf yields, and grade indexe2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- other treatmentse2
- Setting
- irrigated Alfisols of Andhra Pradeshe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nitrogen to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)”
e0“in irrigated Alfisols of Andhra Pradesh”
e2“Green-manuring in situ with sunnhemp [Crotalaria juncea (L.) Rotar & Joy] followed by tobacco recorded significantly higher tobacco green-leaf and cured-leaf yields, and grade index compared with other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined inoculation of soybean increased tobacco green leaf yield by 10.5% over no inoculation.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Combined inoculation of Bradyrhizobium and Pseudomonas to soybeane3
- Outcome
- tobacco green leaf yielde3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 10.5e3
- Comparator
- no inoculatione3
- Setting
- irrigated Alfisols of Andhra Pradeshe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nitrogen to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)”
e0“in irrigated Alfisols of Andhra Pradesh”
e3“Combined inoculation of Bradyrhizobium and Pseudomonas to soybean increased the tobacco green leaf yield, cured leaf yield and grade index by 10.5, 7.7 and 13.2% respectively compared with no inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined inoculation of soybean increased tobacco cured leaf yield by 7.7% over no inoculation.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Combined inoculation of Bradyrhizobium and Pseudomonas to soybeane3
- Outcome
- cured leaf yielde3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 7.7e3
- Comparator
- no inoculatione3
- Setting
- irrigated Alfisols of Andhra Pradeshe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nitrogen to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)”
e0“in irrigated Alfisols of Andhra Pradesh”
e3“Combined inoculation of Bradyrhizobium and Pseudomonas to soybean increased the tobacco green leaf yield, cured leaf yield and grade index by 10.5, 7.7 and 13.2% respectively compared with no inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined inoculation of soybean increased tobacco grade index by 13.2% over no inoculation.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Combined inoculation of Bradyrhizobium and Pseudomonas to soybeane3
- Outcome
- grade indexe3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 13.2%e3
- Comparator
- no inoculatione3
- Setting
- irrigated Alfisols of Andhra Pradeshe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nitrogen to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)”
e0“in irrigated Alfisols of Andhra Pradesh”
e3“Combined inoculation of Bradyrhizobium and Pseudomonas to soybean increased the tobacco green leaf yield, cured leaf yield and grade index by 10.5, 7.7 and 13.2% respectively compared with no inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 130 kg N/ha significantly increased tobacco green-leaf and cured-leaf yields and grade index over 110 kg N/ha.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- 130 kg N/hae4
- Outcome
- green-leaf and cured-leaf yields, and grade indexe4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- 110 kg N/hae4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nitrogen to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)”
e4“Application of 130 kg N/ha recorded significantly higher green-leaf and cured-leaf yields, and grade index compared with that of 110 kg N/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunnhemp-tobacco system had higher total N and nicotine in X and L leaf positions than the soybean-tobacco system.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- X and L leaf positionse5
- Treatment
- sunnhemp–tobacco systeme5
- Outcome
- total N, nicotinee5
- Direction
- Highere5
- Comparator
- soybean (co-inoculation) – tobacco systeme5
- Setting
- irrigated Alfisols of Andhra Pradeshe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nitrogen to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)”
e0“in irrigated Alfisols of Andhra Pradesh”
e5“Higher total N, nicotine, lower reducing sugars and sugar: nicotine ratio in X and L leaf positions were observed in sunnhemp–tobacco system, followed by soybean (co-inoculation) – tobacco system”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunnhemp-tobacco system had lower reducing sugars and sugar:nicotine ratio in X and L leaf positions than the soybean-tobacco system.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- X and L leaf positionse5
- Treatment
- sunnhemp–tobacco systeme5
- Outcome
- reducing sugars and sugar: nicotine ratioe5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Comparator
- soybean (co-inoculation) – tobacco systeme5
- Setting
- irrigated Alfisols of Andhra Pradeshe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nitrogen to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)”
e0“in irrigated Alfisols of Andhra Pradesh”
e5“Higher total N, nicotine, lower reducing sugars and sugar: nicotine ratio in X and L leaf positions were observed in sunnhemp–tobacco system, followed by soybean (co-inoculation) – tobacco system”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 130 kg N/ha gave higher total N and nicotine in tobacco leaves than 110 kg N/ha.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- 130 kg N/hae6
- Outcome
- total N, nicotinee6
- Direction
- Highere6
- Comparator
- 110 kg N/hae6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nitrogen to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)”
e6“Higher total N, nicotine, lower reducing sugars and sugar: nicotine ratio were recorded with 130 kg N/ha than with 110 kg N/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 130 kg N/ha gave lower reducing sugars and sugar:nicotine ratio in tobacco than 110 kg N/ha.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- 130 kg N/hae6
- Outcome
- reducing sugars and sugar: nicotine ratioe6
- Direction
- lowere6
- Comparator
- 110 kg N/hae6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nitrogen to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)”
e6“Higher total N, nicotine, lower reducing sugars and sugar: nicotine ratio were recorded with 130 kg N/ha than with 110 kg N/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean (co-inoculation) – tobacco system gave additional net returns of Rs 1,710/ha over the sunnhemp-tobacco system.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Soybean (co-inoculation) – tobacco systeme7
- Outcome
- additional net returnse7
- Direction
- higherinferrede7
- Value
- Rs 1,710/hae7
- Qualifier
- Rs 40,670/hae7
- Comparator
- sunnhemp–tobacco systeme7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nitrogen to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)”
e7“Soybean (co-inoculation) – tobacco system gave additional net returns of Rs 1,710/ha over sunnhemp–tobacco system (Rs 40,670/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunnhemp-tobacco system gave a higher B:C ratio of 1.65.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- sunnhemp – tobacco systeme1
- Outcome
- B: C ratioe1
- Direction
- Highere1
- Value
- 1.65e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nitrogen to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)”
e1“Higher B: C ratio of 1.65 was obtained with sunnhemp – tobacco system”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 130 kg N/ha would be needed for tobacco succeeding soybean.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Outcome
- application of 130 kg N/hae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nitrogen to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)”
e1“application of 130 kg N/ha would be needed for tobacco succeeding soybean”
The same questions in other papers
Bradyrhizobium · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
31 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
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See all 6 papers →Crotalaria juncea · yield · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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Bradyrhizobium · yield · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Pseudomonas · yield · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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Pseudomonas · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
7 papers in the same direction as this paper
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84 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
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See all 103 papers →nitrogen · quality: sugar starch · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
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See all 12 papers →8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.