Abstract
A field experiment to study the effect of bed configuration, fertilizer levels and their placement methods on the productivity of long duration pigeonpea (Cajanus Cajan (L) Millsp) was conducted for four consecutive years during 2008–09 to 2011–12 at Tirhut college of Agriculture, Dholi, Bihar. Raised bed planting of pigeonpea significantly enhanced number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant, fruiting efficiency (15.4%) and seed yield (18.4%) and net return (18.6%) over that in flat bed. Application of RDF recorded significantly higher values of yield indices i.e. number of branches/plants, pods/plant, 100-seed weight, leaf area index, fruiting efficiency (by 14.7%), water-use efficiency (2.34 kg seed/ha/cm), seed yield (1857.58 kg/ha), production efficiency (6.99 kg/ha/day or ‘194.18/ha/day), net return (‘51.85x103) and B:C ratio (1.98) than 75% and 50% RDF. Side placement of fertilizers recorded higher values of these yield indices, fruiting efficiency (14.78%), water use efficiency (2.35 kg seed/ha/day), production efficiency (6.99 kg/ha/day or ‘194.99/ha/day), seed yield (1866.46 kg/ha), net return (‘52.06x103) and B:C ratio (1.97) as compared to those in broadcasting. Side placement of 75% RDF also produced significantly higher seed yield over that in broadcast of RDF. Number of nodules/plant, fresh and dry weight of nodules and Rhizobium population were unaffected by the diverse factors. N and K uptake by the crop were unaffected by bed configuration methods, while the uptake of N, P & K enhanced significantly at RDF and side placement of fertilizer over the lower doses and broadcasting respectively. Protein content in seed increased at higher levels and side placement of fertilizers. Bulk density of soil also was reduced under raised bed method while the same was unaffected by fertilizer levels and their methods of application.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Raised beds increased pigeonpea fruiting efficiency by 15.4% over flat beds.
- Taxon
- pigeonpea
Cajanus cajane0 - Treatment
- Raised bed plantinge0
- Outcome
- fruiting efficiencye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 15.4%e0
- Comparator
- flat bede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Raised bed planting of pigeonpea significantly enhanced number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant, fruiting efficiency (15.4%) and seed yield (18.4%) and net return (18.6%) over that in flat bed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Raised beds increased pigeonpea seed yield by 18.4% over flat beds.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- Raised bed plantinge0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 18.4%e0
- Comparator
- flat bede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Raised bed planting of pigeonpea significantly enhanced number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant, fruiting efficiency (15.4%) and seed yield (18.4%) and net return (18.6%) over that in flat bed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Raised beds increased pigeonpea net return by 18.6% over flat beds.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- Raised bed plantinge0
- Outcome
- net returne0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 18.6%e0
- Comparator
- flat bede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Raised bed planting of pigeonpea significantly enhanced number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant, fruiting efficiency (15.4%) and seed yield (18.4%) and net return (18.6%) over that in flat bed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Raised beds increased pigeonpea branches and pods per plant over flat beds.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- Raised bed plantinge0
- Outcome
- number of branches/plant, number of pods/plante0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- flat bede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Raised bed planting of pigeonpea significantly enhanced number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant, fruiting efficiency (15.4%) and seed yield (18.4%) and net return (18.6%) over that in flat bed.”
Claim · model-written summary
RDF increased pigeonpea fruiting efficiency relative to lower fertilizer levels.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- RDFe0
- Outcome
- fruiting efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 14.7%e0
- Comparator
- 75% and 50% RDFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of RDF recorded significantly higher values of yield indices i.e. number of branches/plants, pods/plant, 100-seed weight, leaf area index, fruiting efficiency (by 14.7%), water-use efficiency (2.34 kg seed/ha/cm), seed yield (1857.58 kg/ha), production efficiency (6.99 kg/ha/day or ‘194.18/ha/day), net return (‘51.85x103) and B:C ratio (1.98) than 75% and 50% RDF.”
t0“Pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
RDF gave a seed yield of 1857.58 kg/ha, higher than 75% and 50% RDF.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- RDFe0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1857.58 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- 75% and 50% RDFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of RDF recorded significantly higher values of yield indices i.e. number of branches/plants, pods/plant, 100-seed weight, leaf area index, fruiting efficiency (by 14.7%), water-use efficiency (2.34 kg seed/ha/cm), seed yield (1857.58 kg/ha), production efficiency (6.99 kg/ha/day or ‘194.18/ha/day), net return (‘51.85x103) and B:C ratio (1.98) than 75% and 50% RDF.”
t0“Pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
RDF gave higher water-use efficiency than lower fertilizer levels.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- RDFe0
- Outcome
- water-use efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.34 kg seed/ha/cme0
- Comparator
- 75% and 50% RDFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of RDF recorded significantly higher values of yield indices i.e. number of branches/plants, pods/plant, 100-seed weight, leaf area index, fruiting efficiency (by 14.7%), water-use efficiency (2.34 kg seed/ha/cm), seed yield (1857.58 kg/ha), production efficiency (6.99 kg/ha/day or ‘194.18/ha/day), net return (‘51.85x103) and B:C ratio (1.98) than 75% and 50% RDF.”
t0“Pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Side fertilizer placement increased pigeonpea seed yield over broadcasting.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- Side placement of fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1866.46 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- broadcastinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Side placement of fertilizers recorded higher values of these yield indices, fruiting efficiency (14.78%), water use efficiency (2.35 kg seed/ha/day), production efficiency (6.99 kg/ha/day or ‘194.99/ha/day), seed yield (1866.46 kg/ha), net return (‘52.06x103) and B:C ratio (1.97) as compared to those in broadcasting.”
t0“Pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Side placement of 75% RDF increased seed yield over broadcasting RDF.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- Side placement of 75% RDFe0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- broadcast of RDFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Side placement of 75% RDF also produced significantly higher seed yield over that in broadcast of RDF.”
t0“Pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Nodule traits and Rhizobium population were unaffected by the factors.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- diverse factorse0
- Outcome
- Number of nodules/plant, fresh and dry weight of nodules and Rhizobium populatione0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
RhizobiumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Number of nodules/plant, fresh and dry weight of nodules and Rhizobium population were unaffected by the diverse factors.”
t0“Pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop N and K uptake did not change with bed configuration.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- bed configuration methodse0
- Outcome
- N and K uptake by the crope0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N and K uptake by the crop were unaffected by bed configuration methods”
t0“Pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
RDF and side placement increased crop N, P and K uptake.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- RDF and side placement of fertilizere0
- Outcome
- uptake of N, P & Ke0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- lower doses and broadcastinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the uptake of N, P & K enhanced significantly at RDF and side placement of fertilizer over the lower doses and broadcasting respectively.”
t0“Pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher fertilizer levels and side placement increased seed protein content.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- higher levels and side placement of fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- Protein content in seede0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Protein content in seed increased at higher levels and side placement of fertilizers.”
t0“Pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Raised beds reduced soil bulk density.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- raised bed methode0
- Outcome
- Bulk density of soile0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bulk density of soil also was reduced under raised bed method while the same was unaffected by fertilizer levels and their methods of application.”
t0“Pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer levels and application method did not alter soil bulk density.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- fertilizer levels and their methods of applicatione0
- Outcome
- Bulk density of soile0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bulk density of soil also was reduced under raised bed method while the same was unaffected by fertilizer levels and their methods of application.”
t0“Pigeonpea”
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