Abstract
Small secondary metabolites, including glucosinolates and the major phytoalexin camalexin, play important roles in immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana. We isolated an Arabidopsis mutant with increased resistance to the powdery mildew fungus Golovinomyces cichoracearum and identified a mutation in the gene encoding cytochrome P450 83A1 monooxygenase (CYP83A1), which functions in glucosinolate biosynthesis. The cyp83a1-3 mutant exhibited enhanced defense responses to G. cichoracearum and double mutant analysis showed that this enhanced resistance requires NPR1, EDS1, and PAD4, but not SID2 or EDS5. In cyp83a1-3 mutants, the expression of genes related to camalexin synthesis increased upon G. cichoracearum infection. Significantly, the cyp83a1-3 mutant also accumulated higher levels of camalexin. Decreasing camalexin levels by mutation of the camalexin synthetase gene PAD3 or the camalexin synthesis regulator AtWRKY33 compromised the powdery mildew resistance in these mutants. Consistent with these observations, overexpression of PAD3 increased camalexin levels and enhanced resistance to G. cichoracearum. Taken together, our data indicate that accumulation of higher levels of camalexin contributes to increased resistance to powdery mildew.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The Arabidopsis CYP83A1 mutant had increased resistance to Golovinomyces cichoracearum.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Interactor
- Golovinomyces cichoracearum
Golovinomyces cichoracearume0pathogen - Gene
- CYP83A1e1
- Outcome
- resistance to the powdery mildew fungus Golovinomyces cichoracearume0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an Arabidopsis mutant with increased resistance to the powdery mildew fungus Golovinomyces cichoracearum”
e1“mutation in the gene encoding cytochrome P450 83A1 monooxygenase (CYP83A1)”
Claim · model-written summary
The cyp83a1-3 mutant showed enhanced defense responses to G. cichoracearum.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- cyp83a1-3 mutante0
- Interactor
- G. cichoracearumGolovinomyces cichoracearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- defense responses to G. cichoracearume0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cyp83a1-3 mutant exhibited enhanced defense responses to G. cichoracearum”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced resistance in cyp83a1-3 required NPR1, EDS1 and PAD4.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Gene
- NPR1, EDS1, and PAD4e0
- Outcome
- enhanced resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this enhanced resistance requires NPR1, EDS1, and PAD4, but not SID2 or EDS5”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced resistance in cyp83a1-3 did not require SID2 or EDS5.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Gene
- SID2 or EDS5e0
- Outcome
- enhanced resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this enhanced resistance requires NPR1, EDS1, and PAD4, but not SID2 or EDS5”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Camalexin-synthesis gene expression increased in infected cyp83a1-3 mutants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- cyp83a1-3 mutantse0
- Interactor
- G. cichoracearumGolovinomyces cichoracearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- expression of genes related to camalexin synthesise0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In cyp83a1-3 mutants, the expression of genes related to camalexin synthesis increased upon G. cichoracearum infection”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
The cyp83a1-3 mutant accumulated more camalexin.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- cyp83a1-3 mutante0
- Outcome
- levels of camalexine0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the cyp83a1-3 mutant also accumulated higher levels of camalexin”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
PAD3 mutation lowering camalexin compromised powdery mildew resistance.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- mutation of the camalexin synthetase gene PAD3e0
- Gene
- PAD3e0
- Outcome
- powdery mildew resistancee0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decreasing camalexin levels by mutation of the camalexin synthetase gene PAD3 or the camalexin synthesis regulator AtWRKY33 compromised the powdery mildew resistance in these mutants”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
AtWRKY33 mutation lowering camalexin compromised powdery mildew resistance.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- the camalexin synthesis regulator AtWRKY33e0
- Gene
- AtWRKY33e0
- Outcome
- powdery mildew resistancee0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decreasing camalexin levels by mutation of the camalexin synthetase gene PAD3 or the camalexin synthesis regulator AtWRKY33 compromised the powdery mildew resistance in these mutants”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
PAD3 overexpression increased camalexin levels.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- overexpression of PAD3e0
- Gene
- PAD3e0
- Outcome
- camalexin levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“overexpression of PAD3 increased camalexin levels and enhanced resistance to G. cichoracearum”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
PAD3 overexpression enhanced resistance to G. cichoracearum.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- overexpression of PAD3e0
- Interactor
- G. cichoracearumGolovinomyces cichoracearume0pathogen
- Gene
- PAD3e0
- Outcome
- resistance to G. cichoracearume0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“overexpression of PAD3 increased camalexin levels and enhanced resistance to G. cichoracearum”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher camalexin accumulation contributes to powdery mildew resistance.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Compound
- camalexine0
- Outcome
- increased resistance to powdery mildewe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“accumulation of higher levels of camalexin contributes to increased resistance to powdery mildew”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
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