Abstract
The development and starch accumulation of cereal endosperms rely on the sugar supply of leaves, which is subject to diurnal cycles, and the endosperm itself also experiences a light/dark switch. However, revealing how the cereal endosperm responds to diurnal input remains a major challenge. We used comparative proteomic approaches to probe diurnally affected processes in rice endosperm (Oryza sativa) 10 days after flowering under 12-h light/12-h dark. Starch granules in rice endosperm showed a growth ring structure under a normal light/dark cycle but not under constant light. Sucrose showed a high level in light and low level in dark. Two-dimensional (2-D) differential in-gel electrophoresis-based proteomic analysis revealed 101 protein spots diurnally changed and 91 identities, which were involved in diverse processes with preferred distribution in stress response, protein synthesis/destination and metabolism. Proteins involved in cell division showed high expression in light and those in cell enlargement and cell wall synthesis high in dark, while starch synthesis proteins were light-downregulated and dark-upregulated. Redox homeostasis-associated proteins showed in-phase peaks under light and dark. These data demonstrate diurnal input-regulated diverse cellular and metabolic processes in rice endosperm, and coordination among these processes is essential for development and starch accumulation with diurnal input.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Rice endosperm starch granules formed growth rings under normal light/dark cycles but not constant light.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- endosperme0
- Treatment
- normal light/dark cyclee0
- Outcome
- growth ring structuree0
- Comparator
- constant lighte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Starch granules in rice endosperm showed a growth ring structure under a normal light/dark cycle but not under constant light.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose was higher in light and lower in dark.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Organ / stage
- endosperme1
- Outcome
- Sucrosee0
- Direction
- high level in light and low level in darke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sucrose showed a high level in light and low level in dark.”
e1“rice endosperm (Oryza sativa) 10 days after flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Proteomic analysis identified 101 diurnally changed protein spots and 91 identities.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- protein spots diurnally changede0
- Value
- 101 protein spotse0
- Qualifier
- 91 identitiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“proteomic analysis revealed 101 protein spots diurnally changed and 91 identities”
e1“rice endosperm (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
The identified proteins were concentrated in stress response, protein synthesis/destination and metabolism.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- preferred distribution in stress response, protein synthesis/destination and metabolisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“91 identities, which were involved in diverse processes with preferred distribution in stress response, protein synthesis/destination and metabolism”
e1“rice endosperm (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cell division proteins had high expression in light.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- Proteins involved in cell divisione0
- Direction
- high expression in lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proteins involved in cell division showed high expression in light”
e1“rice endosperm (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cell enlargement and cell wall synthesis proteins had high expression in dark.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- cell enlargement and cell wall synthesise0
- Direction
- high in darke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those in cell enlargement and cell wall synthesis high in dark”
e1“rice endosperm (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Starch synthesis proteins were downregulated in light and upregulated in dark.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- starch synthesis proteinse0
- Direction
- light-downregulated and dark-upregulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“starch synthesis proteins were light-downregulated and dark-upregulated”
e1“rice endosperm (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Redox homeostasis proteins had in-phase peaks under light and dark.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- Redox homeostasis-associated proteinse0
- Direction
- in-phase peaks under light and darke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Redox homeostasis-associated proteins showed in-phase peaks under light and dark.”
e1“rice endosperm (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that diurnal input regulates diverse cellular and metabolic processes in rice endosperm.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- diverse cellular and metabolic processese0
- Qualifier
- diurnal input-regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“diurnal input-regulated diverse cellular and metabolic processes in rice endosperm”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that coordination of these processes is essential for development and starch accumulation with diurnal input.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- development and starch accumulatione0
- Qualifier
- coordination among these processese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“coordination among these processes is essential for development and starch accumulation with diurnal input”
e1“rice endosperm (Oryza sativa)”
The same questions in other papers
light · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
54 papers in the same direction as this paper · 38 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
91 papers more in this group
See all 95 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.