Abstract
SummaryThe effect of single and double girdling, and covering by mesh on the ripening, colour and fruit characteristics of ‘Italia’ grapes was examined. Three types of girdling were studied: girdling after fruit set, girdling at the beginning of ripening (veraison) and double girdling (girdling at fruit set + girdling at veraison). Girdling after fruit set significantly increased both berry weight and yield. Girdling at the beginning of ripening significantly increased soluble solids, the maturity index and berry colour, decreased titratable acidity and advanced fruit ripening by 5 d. Double girdling significantly increased berry weight and yield and produced the best results as regards soluble solids, maturity index, berry colour and earliness. Covering the vine with mesh delayed ripening by 9 d, decreased soluble solids, the maturity index and berry colour, although the yield was higher than that of the control because bunches were bigger and had more berries. Analysis of covariance showed that the delay in fruit ripening caused by mesh was not only due to an increase in yield but to other unmeasured factors probably associated with changes in microclimate.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Girdling after fruit set significantly increased berry weight and yield of Italia grapes.
- Taxon
- grapese0
- Material
- Italiae0
- Treatment
- Girdling after fruit sete1
- Outcome
- berry weight and yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“of ‘Italia’ grapes”
e1“Girdling after fruit set significantly increased both berry weight and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Girdling at the beginning of ripening significantly increased soluble solids, maturity index and berry colour of Italia grapes.
- Taxon
- grapese0
- Material
- Italiae0
- Treatment
- Girdling at the beginning of ripeninge2
- Outcome
- soluble solids, the maturity index and berry coloure2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“of ‘Italia’ grapes”
e2“Girdling at the beginning of ripening significantly increased soluble solids, the maturity index and berry colour”
Claim · model-written summary
Girdling at the beginning of ripening decreased titratable acidity of Italia grapes.
- Taxon
- grapese0
- Material
- Italiae0
- Treatment
- Girdling at the beginning of ripeninge2
- Outcome
- titratable aciditye3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“of ‘Italia’ grapes”
e2“Girdling at the beginning of ripening significantly increased soluble solids, the maturity index and berry colour”
e3“decreased titratable acidity”
Claim · model-written summary
Girdling at the beginning of ripening advanced fruit ripening of Italia grapes by 5 d.
- Taxon
- grapese0
- Material
- Italiae0
- Treatment
- Girdling at the beginning of ripeninge2
- Outcome
- fruit ripeninge4
- Direction
- advancede4
- Value
- 5 de4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“of ‘Italia’ grapes”
e2“Girdling at the beginning of ripening significantly increased soluble solids, the maturity index and berry colour”
e4“advanced fruit ripening by 5 d”
Claim · model-written summary
Double girdling significantly increased berry weight and yield of Italia grapes.
- Taxon
- grapese0
- Material
- Italiae0
- Treatment
- Double girdlinge5
- Outcome
- berry weight and yielde5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“of ‘Italia’ grapes”
e5“Double girdling significantly increased berry weight and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Double girdling gave the best results for soluble solids, maturity index and berry colour of Italia grapes.
- Taxon
- grapese0
- Material
- Italiae0
- Treatment
- Double girdlinge5
- Outcome
- soluble solids, maturity index, berry coloure6
- Direction
- best resultse6
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“of ‘Italia’ grapes”
e5“Double girdling significantly increased berry weight and yield”
e6“produced the best results as regards soluble solids, maturity index, berry colour and earliness”
Claim · model-written summary
Double girdling gave the best results for earliness of Italia grapes.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“of ‘Italia’ grapes”
e5“Double girdling significantly increased berry weight and yield”
e6“produced the best results as regards soluble solids, maturity index, berry colour and earliness”
Claim · model-written summary
Covering the vines with mesh delayed ripening of Italia grapes by 9 d.
- Taxon
- grapese0
- Material
- Italiae0
- Treatment
- Covering the vine with meshe7
- Outcome
- ripeninge7
- Direction
- delayede7
- Value
- 9 de7
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“of ‘Italia’ grapes”
e7“Covering the vine with mesh delayed ripening by 9 d”
Claim · model-written summary
Covering the vines with mesh decreased soluble solids, maturity index and berry colour of Italia grapes.
- Taxon
- grapese0
- Material
- Italiae0
- Treatment
- Covering the vine with meshe1
- Outcome
- soluble solids, the maturity index and berry coloure1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“of ‘Italia’ grapes”
e1“Covering the vine with mesh delayed ripening by 9 d, decreased soluble solids, the maturity index and berry colour”
Claim · model-written summary
Covering the vines with mesh raised yield of Italia grapes above the control, because bunches were bigger and had more berries.
Verbatim
e0“of ‘Italia’ grapes”
e1“Covering the vine with mesh”
e2“although the yield was higher than that of the control because bunches were bigger and had more berries”
Claim · model-written summary
The mesh-delayed ripening was not only due to higher yield but also to other unmeasured factors, probably microclimate changes.
Verbatim
e0“of ‘Italia’ grapes”
e3“the delay in fruit ripening caused by mesh was not only due to an increase in yield but to other unmeasured factors probably associated with changes in microclimate”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.