Abstract
Maturity is a key factor that determines fruit quality and shelflife. Determination of the correct harvest stage is always challenging in non-climacteric fruits, and more complex with grapes because of varietal and climatic variations. Thus, the current study was conducted to determine the effect of different maturity levels on berry composition and postharvest quality of table grapes. Three grape cultivars (‘Sultanina-C’, ‘Flame Seedless’ and ‘NARC Black’) were harvested at early (M1) mid (M2) and late (M3) maturity stages, based on berry color development. Harvested fruits were kept at ambient conditions (25°C with 60-65% Relative Humidity) for physico-chemical and antioxidant evaluation until onset of decay. Results indicated that, regardless of storage duration, the fruit harvested at the second (M2) or third (M3) maturity stages exhibited significantly lower weight loss and berry shattering with better skin color (L*, a*, b*). Titratable acidity (TA) was significantly lower while total soluble solids (TSS), pH and TSS:TA ratio were significantly higher at M3. No significant difference in ethylene production was recorded in maturity stages but a significant linear increase was observed during ambient storage whereas, respiration rate was found to be higher in fruit harvest at early stage of maturity (M1) that increased gradually during ambient storage and start decreasing at the end of shelf life. Total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant scavenging activity (ASA), and activities of antioxidative enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) significantly decreased with increasing maturity level. During ambient storage for 4 days, ASA and activity of SOD, CAT and PPO increased initially and then decreased, while TPC and POX activity decreased linearly. ‘NARC Black’ grapes had higher TPC, ASA, anthocyanins, SOD and POX than the other cultivars. Conclusively, grapes harvested at M3 exhibited better fruit physico-chemical quality attributes with least antioxidative characters which was higher at M1 irrespective to white or colored table grapes at ambient storage.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
M2 or M3 grapes had lower weight loss and shattering with better skin color.
- Taxon
- table grapest0
- Treatment
- second (M2) or third (M3) maturity stagese0
- Outcome
- weight loss and berry shatteringe0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the fruit harvested at the second (M2) or third (M3) maturity stages exhibited significantly lower weight loss and berry shattering with better skin color (L*, a*, b*)”
t0“table grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
M3 grapes had lower titratable acidity.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Titratable acidity (TA) was significantly lower while total soluble solids (TSS), pH and TSS:TA ratio were significantly higher at M3”
t0“table grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
M3 grapes had higher soluble solids, pH and TSS:TA ratio.
- Taxon
- table grapest0
- Treatment
- M3e0
- Outcome
- total soluble solids (TSS), pH and TSS:TA ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“total soluble solids (TSS), pH and TSS:TA ratio were significantly higher at M3”
t0“table grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene production did not differ significantly among maturity stages.
- Taxon
- table grapest0
- Treatment
- maturity stagese0
- Outcome
- ethylene productione0
- Direction
- No significant differencee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“No significant difference in ethylene production was recorded in maturity stages”
t0“table grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene production increased linearly during ambient storage.
Verbatim
e0“No significant difference in ethylene production was recorded in maturity stages but a significant linear increase was observed during ambient storage”
t0“table grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Respiration was higher in M1 grapes and rose then declined over storage.
- Taxon
- table grapest0
- Treatment
- early stage of maturity (M1)e0
- Outcome
- respiration ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“respiration rate was found to be higher in fruit harvest at early stage of maturity (M1) that increased gradually during ambient storage and start decreasing at the end of shelf life”
t0“table grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenolics and antioxidant scavenging activity declined with maturity.
- Taxon
- table grapest0
- Treatment
- increasing maturity levele0
- Outcome
- Total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant scavenging activity (ASA)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant scavenging activity (ASA), and activities of antioxidative enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) significantly decreased with increasing maturity level”
t0“table grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzyme activities declined with maturity.
- Taxon
- table grapest0
- Treatment
- increasing maturity levele0
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidative enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“activities of antioxidative enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) significantly decreased with increasing maturity level”
t0“table grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
ASA, SOD, CAT and PPO first rose then fell during four days of storage.
Verbatim
e0“During ambient storage for 4 days, ASA and activity of SOD, CAT and PPO increased initially and then decreased”
t0“table grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
TPC and POX declined linearly during storage.
Verbatim
e0“TPC and POX activity decreased linearly”
t0“table grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
NARC Black grapes had higher TPC, ASA and anthocyanins than other cultivars.
Verbatim
e0“‘NARC Black’ grapes had higher TPC, ASA, anthocyanins, SOD and POX than the other cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
NARC Black grapes had higher SOD and POX than other cultivars.
Verbatim
e0“‘NARC Black’ grapes had higher TPC, ASA, anthocyanins, SOD and POX than the other cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
M3 fruit had better physical and chemical quality but the least antioxidant character.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“grapes harvested at M3 exhibited better fruit physico-chemical quality attributes with least antioxidative characters”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.