Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) play essential roles in modulating plant growth, development and stress responses. Here, involvement of BRs in plant systemic resistance to virus was studied. Treatment of local leaves in Nicotiana benthamiana with BRs induced virus resistance in upper untreated leaves, accompanied by accumulations of H2O2 and NO. Scavenging of H2O2 or NO in upper leaves blocked BR-induced systemic virus resistance. BR-induced systemic H2O2 accumulation was blocked by local pharmacological inhibition of NADPH oxidase or silencing of respiratory burst oxidase homolog gene NbRBOHB, but not by systemic NADPH oxidase inhibition or NbRBOHA silencing. Silencing of the nitrite-dependent nitrate reductase gene NbNR or systemic pharmacological inhibition of NR compromised BR-triggered systemic NO accumulation, while local inhibition of NR, silencing of NbNOA1 and inhibition of NOS had little effect. Moreover, we provide evidence that BR-activated H2O2 is required for NO synthesis. Pharmacological scavenging or genetic inhibiting of H2O2 generation blocked BR-induced systemic NO production, but BR-induced H2O2 production was not sensitive to NO scavengers or silencing of NbNR. Systemically applied sodium nitroprusside rescued BR-induced systemic virus defense in NbRBOHB-silenced plants, but H2O2 did not reverse the effect of NbNR silencing on BR-induced systemic virus resistance. Finally, we demonstrate that the receptor kinase BRI1(BR insensitive 1) is an upstream component in BR-mediated systemic defense signaling, as silencing of NbBRI1 compromised the BR-induced H2O2 and NO production associated with systemic virus resistance. Together, our pharmacological and genetic data suggest the existence of a signaling pathway leading to BR-mediated systemic virus resistance that involves local Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog B (RBOHB)-dependent H2O2 production and subsequent systemic NR-dependent NO generation.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Local BR treatment induced resistance in untreated upper leaves.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- BRse0
- Outcome
- virus resistancee0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Comparator
- untreated leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of local leaves in Nicotiana benthamiana with BRs induced virus resistance in upper untreated leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
BR treatment accumulated H2O2 and NO in upper leaves.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- BRse0
- Outcome
- accumulations of H2O2 and NOe0
- Direction
- accumulationse0
- Comparator
- untreated leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of local leaves in Nicotiana benthamiana with BRs induced virus resistance in upper untreated leaves, accompanied by accumulations of H2O2 and NO”
Claim · model-written summary
Scavenging H2O2 blocked BR induced systemic resistance.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- Scavenging of H2O2e0
- Outcome
- BR-induced systemic virus resistancee0
- Direction
- blockede0
- Comparator
- NOe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Scavenging of H2O2 or NO in upper leaves blocked BR-induced systemic virus resistance”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Scavenging NO blocked BR induced systemic resistance.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- NOe0
- Outcome
- BR-induced systemic virus resistancee0
- Direction
- blockede0
- Comparator
- H2O2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Scavenging of H2O2 or NO in upper leaves blocked BR-induced systemic virus resistance”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Local NADPH oxidase inhibition blocked systemic H2O2 accumulation.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- local pharmacological inhibition of NADPH oxidasee0
- Outcome
- BR-induced systemic H2O2 accumulatione0
- Direction
- blockede0
- Comparator
- BR-inducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BR-induced systemic H2O2 accumulation was blocked by local pharmacological inhibition of NADPH oxidase”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
NbRBOHB silencing blocked systemic H2O2 accumulation.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- silencinge0
- Gene
- NbRBOHBe0
- Outcome
- silencing of respiratory burst oxidase homolog gene NbRBOHBe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silencing of respiratory burst oxidase homolog gene NbRBOHB”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Systemic NADPH oxidase inhibition did not block H2O2 accumulation.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- systemic NADPH oxidase inhibitione0
- Outcome
- systemic NADPH oxidase inhibitione0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not by systemic NADPH oxidase inhibition or NbRBOHA silencing”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
NbRBOHA silencing did not block H2O2 accumulation.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- silencinge0
- Gene
- NbRBOHAe0
- Outcome
- NbRBOHA silencinge0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not by systemic NADPH oxidase inhibition or NbRBOHA silencing”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
NbNR silencing compromised systemic NO accumulation.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- Silencinge0
- Gene
- NbNRe0
- Outcome
- BR-triggered systemic NO accumulatione0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing of the nitrite-dependent nitrate reductase gene NbNR or systemic pharmacological inhibition of NR compromised BR-triggered systemic NO accumulation”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Systemic NR inhibition compromised systemic NO accumulation.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- systemic pharmacological inhibition of NRe0
- Outcome
- BR-triggered systemic NO accumulatione0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing of the nitrite-dependent nitrate reductase gene NbNR or systemic pharmacological inhibition of NR compromised BR-triggered systemic NO accumulation”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Local NR inhibition, NbNOA1 silencing and NOS inhibition had little effect.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- local inhibition of NRe0
- Outcome
- little effecte0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while local inhibition of NR, silencing of NbNOA1 and inhibition of NOS had little effect”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
H2O2 generation was needed for BR induced NO production.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Outcome
- BR-induced systemic NO productione0
- Qualifier
- H2O2 generatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pharmacological scavenging or genetic inhibiting of H2O2 generation blocked BR-induced systemic NO production”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
NO scavenging or NbNR silencing did not affect BR induced H2O2 production.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- NO scavengerse0
- Outcome
- BR-induced H2O2 productione0
- Direction
- not sensitivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BR-induced H2O2 production was not sensitive to NO scavengers or silencing of NbNR”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium nitroprusside restored systemic virus defense in NbRBOHB silenced plants.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- sodium nitroprussidee0
- Outcome
- BR-induced systemic virus defensee0
- Direction
- rescuede0
- Comparator
- NbRBOHB-silenced plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Systemically applied sodium nitroprusside rescued BR-induced systemic virus defense in NbRBOHB-silenced plants”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
H2O2 did not reverse the effect of NbNR silencing.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- H2O2e0
- Outcome
- BR-induced systemic virus resistancee0
- Direction
- did not reversee0
- Comparator
- NbNR silencinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“H2O2 did not reverse the effect of NbNR silencing on BR-induced systemic virus resistance”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
NbBRI1 silencing compromised BR induced H2O2 and NO production.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- silencinge0
- Gene
- NbBRI1e0
- Outcome
- BR-induced H2O2 and NO productione0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silencing of NbBRI1 compromised the BR-induced H2O2 and NO production associated with systemic virus resistance”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
The same questions in other papers
nitric oxide · disease · Nicotiana benthamianaResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
class · disease · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
loss of function · physiology: oxidative · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →loss of function · molecular: metabolites · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
31 papers more in this group
See all 35 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.