Abstract
Tea(Camellia sinensis) is a type of the important cash crops and widely cultivated in the hilly areas of the subtropical region of south China.In order to improve the yield and quality of tea in this region,the ecological effects of intercropping white clovers(Trifolium repens) were investigated in an field experiments set up in Dongxishan tea plantation in Baili Chalang(113°19′E,28°33′N at an elevation of 135m),Changsha County,Hunan.Data obtained demonstrated that the soil porosity and the content of organic matter,total N,water-soluble N,and available K increased 4.4%,24.1%,33.3%,30.3% and 16.1%,respectively,in the treatment intercropped with white clovers between the tea rows(a.0.8),compared to those values measured in the control(the rows remained bare).However,the content of total K and available P decreased by 10.4% and 9.2% in the former treatment,presumably due to the uptakes of white clover.During the season when spring tea leaves produced(from April to June),and hot summer(July to August) and drought autumn(September to October) seasons when tea plants often damaged due to water shortage,water content in 0～20cm soil layer increased significantly by intercropping white clovers.In treatment intercropped with white clovers,soil temperature increased in winter and decreased in summer.Thus,intercropping white clovers protected tea plants from both of damages caused by coldness(0℃) and hotness(35℃).In the treatment intercropped with white clovers,weeds were largely preserved,as their species,densities and total biomass decreased by 18.5%,61.8%,and 87.5%;and the populations of Ectropis griseescens,Empoasca vitis and Toxoptera aurantii,which are the three types of main pests for tea,decreased by 80.00%,81.94% and 31.40%,respectively;compared those in the control.However,the populations of araneras,coleopteras,and hymenopteras,which are the main natural enemies of the pests,increased by 84%,129%,110%,respectively;and the population and total biomass of earthworms increased by 4.15 ind./m~2 and 8.32 g/m~2 in this treatment.In the treatment intercropped with white clovers,the total yield of tea increased by 32.6% and the ratio of polyphenol to amino acid(TP/FAA) of spring tea and autumn tea decreased by 17.10% and 30.90%,compared to those values for the control.In conclusion,intercropping white clovers in tea plantations have multi-ecological function in improving soil properties,water conditions and temperature environment,controlling weeds and pests,and improving the yield and qualities of tea,and thus can be applied as a useful measure for tea cultivation in the hilly areas of the subtropical region.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping increased soil porosity by 4.4%.
Verbatim
e0“Tea(Camellia sinensis)”
e1“the soil porosity and the content of organic matter,total N,water-soluble N,and available K increased 4.4%,24.1%,33.3%,30.3% and 16.1%,respectively,in the treatment intercropped with white clovers between the tea rows(a.0.8),compared to those values measured in the control(the rows remained bare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping increased soil organic matter by 24.1%.
Verbatim
e0“Tea(Camellia sinensis)”
e1“the soil porosity and the content of organic matter,total N,water-soluble N,and available K increased 4.4%,24.1%,33.3%,30.3% and 16.1%,respectively,in the treatment intercropped with white clovers between the tea rows(a.0.8),compared to those values measured in the control(the rows remained bare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping increased total soil N by 33.3%.
Verbatim
e0“Tea(Camellia sinensis)”
e1“the soil porosity and the content of organic matter,total N,water-soluble N,and available K increased 4.4%,24.1%,33.3%,30.3% and 16.1%,respectively,in the treatment intercropped with white clovers between the tea rows(a.0.8),compared to those values measured in the control(the rows remained bare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping increased water-soluble N by 30.3%.
Verbatim
e0“Tea(Camellia sinensis)”
e1“the soil porosity and the content of organic matter,total N,water-soluble N,and available K increased 4.4%,24.1%,33.3%,30.3% and 16.1%,respectively,in the treatment intercropped with white clovers between the tea rows(a.0.8),compared to those values measured in the control(the rows remained bare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping increased available K by 16.1%.
Verbatim
e0“Tea(Camellia sinensis)”
e1“the soil porosity and the content of organic matter,total N,water-soluble N,and available K increased 4.4%,24.1%,33.3%,30.3% and 16.1%,respectively,in the treatment intercropped with white clovers between the tea rows(a.0.8),compared to those values measured in the control(the rows remained bare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping decreased total soil K by 10.4%.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Tea(Camellia sinensis)”
e1“the content of total K and available P decreased by 10.4% and 9.2% in the former treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping decreased available soil P by 9.2%.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Tea(Camellia sinensis)”
e1“the content of total K and available P decreased by 10.4% and 9.2% in the former treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Clover intercropping significantly increased soil water at 0–20 cm during spring, summer and autumn.
- Taxon
- Teae0
- Treatment
- intercropping white cloverse1
- Outcome
- water content in 0～20cm soil layere1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Tea(Camellia sinensis)”
e1“water content in 0～20cm soil layer increased significantly by intercropping white clovers”
Claim · model-written summary
Clover intercropping increased winter soil temperature.
- Taxon
- Teae0
- Treatment
- intercropped with white cloverse1
- Outcome
- soil temperaturee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- wintere1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Tea(Camellia sinensis)”
e1“In treatment intercropped with white clovers,soil temperature increased in winter and decreased in summer”
Claim · model-written summary
Clover intercropping decreased summer soil temperature.
- Taxon
- Teae0
- Treatment
- intercropped with white cloverse1
- Outcome
- soil temperaturee1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Qualifier
- summere1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Tea(Camellia sinensis)”
e1“In treatment intercropped with white clovers,soil temperature increased in winter and decreased in summer”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping protected tea from cold and heat damage.
- Taxon
- teae1
- Treatment
- intercropping white cloverse1
- Outcome
- damages caused by coldness(0℃) and hotness(35℃)e1
- Direction
- protectede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Tea(Camellia sinensis)”
e1“intercropping white clovers protected tea plants from both of damages caused by coldness(0℃) and hotness(35℃)”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed species, density and biomass decreased by 18.5%, 61.8% and 87.5%, respectively.
- Taxon
- Teae0
- Treatment
- white clovert0
- Interactor
- weedse1weed
- Outcome
- weedse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 18.5%,61.8%,and 87.5%e1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Tea(Camellia sinensis)”
e1“weeds were largely preserved,as their species,densities and total biomass decreased by 18.5%,61.8%,and 87.5%”
t0“intercropping white clover on tea plantation”
Claim · model-written summary
Ectropis griseescens populations decreased 80.00%.
- Taxon
- Teae0
- Treatment
- white clovert0
- Interactor
- Ectropis griseescense1pest
- Outcome
- populations of Ectropis griseescense1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 80.00%e1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Tea(Camellia sinensis)”
e1“the populations of Ectropis griseescens,Empoasca vitis and Toxoptera aurantii,which are the three types of main pests for tea,decreased by 80.00%,81.94% and 31.40%,respectively”
t0“intercropping white clover on tea plantation”
Claim · model-written summary
Empoasca vitis populations decreased 81.94%.
- Taxon
- Teae0
- Treatment
- white clovert0
- Interactor
- Empoasca vitis
Empoasca vitise1pest - Outcome
- populationse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 81.94%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tea(Camellia sinensis)”
e1“the populations of Ectropis griseescens,Empoasca vitis and Toxoptera aurantii,which are the three types of main pests for tea,decreased by 80.00%,81.94% and 31.40%,respectively”
t0“intercropping white clover on tea plantation”
Claim · model-written summary
Toxoptera aurantii populations decreased 31.40%.
- Taxon
- Teae0
- Treatment
- white clovert0
- Interactor
- Toxoptera aurantii
Aphis aurantiie1pest - Outcome
- populationse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 31.40%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tea(Camellia sinensis)”
e1“the populations of Ectropis griseescens,Empoasca vitis and Toxoptera aurantii,which are the three types of main pests for tea,decreased by 80.00%,81.94% and 31.40%,respectively”
t0“intercropping white clover on tea plantation”
Claim · model-written summary
Aranera, coleoptera and hymenoptera natural enemies increased by 84%, 129% and 110%.
- Taxon
- Teae0
- Treatment
- white clovert0
- Interactor
- aranerase1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- populations of araneras,coleopteras,and hymenopterase1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 84%,129%,110%e1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Tea(Camellia sinensis)”
e1“the populations of araneras,coleopteras,and hymenopteras,which are the main natural enemies of the pests,increased by 84%,129%,110%,respectively”
t0“intercropping white clover on tea plantation”
Claim · model-written summary
Earthworm population increased by 4.15 individuals per square meter.
- Taxon
- Teae0
- Treatment
- white clovert0
- Interactor
- earthwormsCrassiclitellatae1other
- Outcome
- populatione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 4.15 ind./m~2e1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Tea(Camellia sinensis)”
e1“the population and total biomass of earthworms increased by 4.15 ind./m~2 and 8.32 g/m~2”
t0“intercropping white clover on tea plantation”
Claim · model-written summary
Earthworm biomass increased by 8.32 grams per square meter.
- Taxon
- Teae0
- Treatment
- white clovert0
- Interactor
- earthwormsCrassiclitellatae1other
- Outcome
- total biomass of earthwormse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 8.32 g/m~2e1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Tea(Camellia sinensis)”
e1“the population and total biomass of earthworms increased by 4.15 ind./m~2 and 8.32 g/m~2”
t0“intercropping white clover on tea plantation”
Claim · model-written summary
Tea yield increased by 32.6% under intercropping.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Tea(Camellia sinensis)”
e1“the total yield of tea increased by 32.6%”
t0“intercropping white clover on tea plantation”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping reduced tea polyphenol to amino acid ratio in spring by 17.10% and autumn by 30.90%.
- Taxon
- Teae0
- Treatment
- white clovert0
- Outcome
- ratio of polyphenol to amino acid(TP/FAA)e1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 17.10% and 30.90%e1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Tea(Camellia sinensis)”
e1“the ratio of polyphenol to amino acid(TP/FAA) of spring tea and autumn tea decreased by 17.10% and 30.90%”
t0“intercropping white clover on tea plantation”
The same questions in other papers
Trifolium repens · yield · Camellia sinensis (black tea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Trifolium repens · weed · Camellia sinensis (black tea)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
intercropping · soil: chemistry · Camellia sinensis (black tea)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →intercropping · soil: physics · Camellia sinensis (black tea)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
intercropping · nutrient: content · Camellia sinensis (black tea)Results agree
8 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.