Abstract
Heavy metals have different effects on seed germination and early seedling growth of plants.Toxicity of three types of heavy metal ions(Cd2+,Cu2+ and Zn2+)on the initial growth of sunflower were investigated.The results showed that all heavy metals were toxic to sunflower,and the toxicity order to primary root elongation was Cd2+Cu2+Zn2+.Heavy metal stress significantly decreased the seedling growth and chlorophyll content,and increased the H2O2 level.Cadmium-induced H2O2 burst was higher than copper and zinc stresses.The activities of antioxidative enzymes(SOD and CAT) increased rapidly and then decreased during heavy metal stresses.In addition,heavy metal treatments significantly induced accumulation of proline and GSH.Cd2+ and Zn2+ stresses induced higher proline accumulation than that of Cu2+ stress;whereas,Cu2+ stress resulted in higher GSH level in seedlings than Cd2+ and Zn2+ stresses.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
All three heavy metals were toxic to sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Treatment
- heavy metalse1
- Outcome
- toxice1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Toxicity of three types of heavy metal ions(Cd2+,Cu2+ and Zn2+)on the initial growth of sunflower”
e1“all heavy metals were toxic to sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The toxicity order for primary root elongation was Cd2+ > Cu2+ > Zn2+ (as written).
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- toxicity order to primary root elongatione2
- Qualifier
- Cd2+Cu2+Zn2+e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Toxicity of three types of heavy metal ions(Cd2+,Cu2+ and Zn2+)on the initial growth of sunflower”
e2“the toxicity order to primary root elongation was Cd2+Cu2+Zn2+”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy metal stress significantly decreased seedling growth and chlorophyll content of sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Heavy metal stresse3
- Outcome
- seedling growth and chlorophyll contente3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Toxicity of three types of heavy metal ions(Cd2+,Cu2+ and Zn2+)on the initial growth of sunflower”
e3“Heavy metal stress significantly decreased the seedling growth and chlorophyll content, and increased the H2O2 level”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy metal stress increased the H2O2 level in sunflower seedlings.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Heavy metal stresse3
- Outcome
- H2O2 levele3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Toxicity of three types of heavy metal ions(Cd2+,Cu2+ and Zn2+)on the initial growth of sunflower”
e3“Heavy metal stress significantly decreased the seedling growth and chlorophyll content, and increased the H2O2 level”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium-induced H2O2 burst was higher than that under copper and zinc stresses.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Cadmiume5
- Outcome
- H2O2 burste5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- copper and zinc stressese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Toxicity of three types of heavy metal ions(Cd2+,Cu2+ and Zn2+)on the initial growth of sunflower”
e5“Cadmium-induced H2O2 burst was higher than copper and zinc stresses”
Claim · model-written summary
Activities of antioxidative enzymes (SOD and CAT) increased rapidly and then decreased during heavy metal stresses.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- heavy metal stressese6
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidative enzymes(SOD and CAT)e6
- Direction
- increased rapidly and then decreasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Toxicity of three types of heavy metal ions(Cd2+,Cu2+ and Zn2+)on the initial growth of sunflower”
e6“The activities of antioxidative enzymes(SOD and CAT) increased rapidly and then decreased during heavy metal stresses”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy metal treatments significantly induced accumulation of proline and GSH in sunflower seedlings.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- heavy metal treatmentse7
- Outcome
- accumulation of proline and GSHe7
- Direction
- inducede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Toxicity of three types of heavy metal ions(Cd2+,Cu2+ and Zn2+)on the initial growth of sunflower”
e7“heavy metal treatments significantly induced accumulation of proline and GSH”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd2+ and Zn2+ stresses induced higher proline accumulation than Cu2+ stress.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Cd2+ and Zn2+ stressese1
- Outcome
- proline accumulatione1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- Cu2+ stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Toxicity of three types of heavy metal ions(Cd2+,Cu2+ and Zn2+)on the initial growth of sunflower”
e1“Cd2+ and Zn2+ stresses induced higher proline accumulation than that of Cu2+ stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu2+ stress resulted in higher GSH level in seedlings than Cd2+ and Zn2+ stresses.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Cu2+ stresse2
- Outcome
- GSH levele2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- Cd2+ and Zn2+ stressese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Toxicity of three types of heavy metal ions(Cd2+,Cu2+ and Zn2+)on the initial growth of sunflower”
e2“Cu2+ stress resulted in higher GSH level in seedlings than Cd2+ and Zn2+ stresses”
The same questions in other papers
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- positive
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2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
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heavy metal · physiology: oxidative · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
heavy metal · physiology: osmolytes · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.