Abstract
The efficacy of the safeners naphthalic anhydride (NA), R-29148, benoxacor, and dichlormid as protectants of corn against injury from the methyl ester of tribenuron was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Tribenuron applied alone reduced the root length of both ‘Pioneer 3180’ and ‘Northrup-King 9283’ corn. The concentration of tribenuron causing 50% reduction of corn root length (GR 50 ) was 1 μM. NA applied as a seed dressing at 0.5 and 1.0% (w/w) was the most effective of the four safeners tested and provided excellent protection to both corn hybrids against 1, 2, and 4 μM tribenuron. Soaking corn seeds in an aqueous solution of R-29148 containing 0.5,1, or 2 mM protected ‘Pioneer 3180’ against 1 μM of tribenuron. The safening efficacy of R-29148 against tribenuron injury to ‘Northrup-King 9283’ corn was limited. Dichlormid and benoxacor, were less effective as tribenuron safeners and offered partial protection to both corn hybrids. Individual applications of the synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) at 0.1 and 0.2 mM did not affect the growth of corn seedlings. PBO synergized the activity of all concentrations of tribenuron, but only on the ‘Northrup-King 9283’ hybrid. These results demonstrate that the tolerance of corn to tribenuron can be enhanced with the use of safeners such as NA and R-29148, and that oxidative reactions may be involved in the metabolism of tribenuron by corn.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Tribenuron alone reduced root length of both corn hybrids.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Material
- ‘Pioneer 3180’ and ‘Northrup-King 9283’e0
- Treatment
- Tribenuron applied alonee0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tribenuron applied alone reduced the root length of both ‘Pioneer 3180’ and ‘Northrup-King 9283’ corn.”
Claim · model-written summary
One micromolar tribenuron caused 50% root-length reduction.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- tribenurone0
- Outcome
- corn root lengthe0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Qualifier
- 1 μMe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of tribenuron causing 50% reduction of corn root length (GR 50 ) was 1 μM.”
Claim · model-written summary
NA seed dressing protected both hybrids against tribenuron and was the most effective safener.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- NA applied as a seed dressing at 0.5 and 1.0% (w/w)e0
- Outcome
- protection to both corn hybridse0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Comparator
- four safeners testede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NA applied as a seed dressing at 0.5 and 1.0% (w/w) was the most effective of the four safeners tested and provided excellent protection to both corn hybrids against 1, 2, and 4 μM tribenuron.”
Claim · model-written summary
R-29148 soaking protected Pioneer 3180 against tribenuron.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Material
- ‘Pioneer 3180’e0
- Treatment
- Soaking corn seeds in an aqueous solution of R-29148 containing 0.5,1, or 2 mMe0
- Outcome
- protected ‘Pioneer 3180’e0
- Direction
- protectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soaking corn seeds in an aqueous solution of R-29148 containing 0.5,1, or 2 mM protected ‘Pioneer 3180’ against 1 μM of tribenuron.”
Claim · model-written summary
R-29148 protection was limited in Northrup-King 9283.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Material
- ‘Northrup-King 9283’e0
- Outcome
- safening efficacy of R-29148e0
- Direction
- limitede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The safening efficacy of R-29148 against tribenuron injury to ‘Northrup-King 9283’ corn was limited.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dichlormid gave partial protection and was less effective.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Dichlormide0
- Outcome
- partial protection to both corn hybridse0
- Direction
- less effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dichlormid and benoxacor, were less effective as tribenuron safeners and offered partial protection to both corn hybrids.”
Claim · model-written summary
Benoxacor gave partial protection and was less effective.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- benoxacore0
- Outcome
- partial protection to both corn hybridse0
- Direction
- less effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dichlormid and benoxacor, were less effective as tribenuron safeners and offered partial protection to both corn hybrids.”
Claim · model-written summary
PBO alone did not affect seedling growth.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- piperonyl butoxide (PBO) at 0.1 and 0.2 mMe0
- Outcome
- growth of corn seedlingse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Individual applications of the synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) at 0.1 and 0.2 mM did not affect the growth of corn seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
PBO synergized tribenuron only in Northrup-King 9283.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- ‘Northrup-King 9283’e0
- Treatment
- PBOe0
- Outcome
- activity of all concentrations of tribenurone0
- Direction
- synergizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PBO synergized the activity of all concentrations of tribenuron, but only on the ‘Northrup-King 9283’ hybrid.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that safeners such as NA and R-29148 enhance corn tolerance.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- tolerance of corn to tribenurone0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results demonstrate that the tolerance of corn to tribenuron can be enhanced with the use of safeners such as NA and R-29148, and that oxidative reactions may be involved in the metabolism of tribenuron by corn.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors proposed oxidative reactions in corn tribenuron metabolism.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- metabolism of tribenurone0
- Qualifier
- oxidative reactionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oxidative reactions may be involved in the metabolism of tribenuron by corn.”
The same questions in other papers
Naphthalic anhydride · control · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
piperonyl butoxide · growth · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
piperonyl butoxide · molecular: metabolites · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
seed treatment · control · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.