Abstract
Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate and compare herbicide safeners for protection of corn and sorghum from herbicidal injury from metolachlor, primisulfuron, and the interaction of primisulfuron with terbufos, an insecticide. With the exception of CGA-133205 which killed corn, the safeners oxabetrinil, flurazole, naphthalic anhydride, dichlormid, and R-29148 protected against significant injury from the interaction between primisulfuron (40 g ai ha −1 ) and terbufos (9.8 kg ha −1 equivalent to 750 g per 1000 m of row) and from metolachlor (6.7 kg ai ha −1 ). No primisulfuron-terbufos interaction was observed in sorghum and none of the safeners protected sorghum from primisulfuron injury. PRE application of the antioxidants, piperonyl butoxide and metyrapone, increased primisulfuron injury to corn. Piperonyl butoxide by itself did not influence the growth of corn seedlings, but metyrapone caused slight injury. The increased injury from piperonyl butoxide plus primisulfuron applied at 40 g ha −1 was protected by naphthalic anhydride, flurazole, and R-29148, whereas at 80 g ha −1 protection was provided by flurazole and R-29148. None of the safeners tested protected against increased injury from metyrapone. Naphthalic anhydride was also an effective safener against increased corn injury when 3000 ppm piperonyl butoxide was applied foliarly 3 d prior to primisulfuron application. 14 C-Primisulfuron absorption by corn was not influenced by piperonyl butoxide or the safener, naphthalic anhydride. However, metabolism of 14 C-primisulfuron was inhibited by piperonyl butoxide. This inhibition was not totally reversed by the safener, naphthalic anhydride.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
The safeners oxabetrinil, flurazole, naphthalic anhydride, dichlormid and R-29148 protected corn against significant injury from the primisulfuron-terbufos interaction.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- the safenerse1
- Outcome
- significant injurye1
- Direction
- protected againste1
- Qualifier
- With the exception of CGA-133205 which killed corne2
- Setting
- Greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate and compare herbicide safeners for protection of corn and sorghum”
e1“the safeners oxabetrinil, flurazole, naphthalic anhydride, dichlormid, and R-29148 protected against significant injury”
e2“With the exception of CGA-133205 which killed corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Safeners protected corn against significant injury from metolachlor.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- metolachlore3
- Outcome
- significant injurye1
- Direction
- protected againste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate and compare herbicide safeners for protection of corn and sorghum”
e1“the safeners oxabetrinil, flurazole, naphthalic anhydride, dichlormid, and R-29148 protected against significant injury”
e3“and from metolachlor”
Claim · model-written summary
No primisulfuron-terbufos interaction injury was observed in sorghum.
- Outcome
- primisulfuron-terbufos interactione4
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“No primisulfuron-terbufos interaction was observed in sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
None of the safeners protected sorghum from primisulfuron injury.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“none of the safeners protected sorghum from primisulfuron injury”
Claim · model-written summary
Piperonyl butoxide applied before primisulfuron increased primisulfuron injury to corn.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse6
- Treatment
- piperonyl butoxidee6
- Outcome
- primisulfuron injurye6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“PRE application of the antioxidants, piperonyl butoxide and metyrapone, increased primisulfuron injury to corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Metyrapone applied before primisulfuron increased primisulfuron injury to corn.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse6
- Treatment
- metyraponee6
- Outcome
- primisulfuron injurye6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“PRE application of the antioxidants, piperonyl butoxide and metyrapone, increased primisulfuron injury to corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Piperonyl butoxide by itself did not influence the growth of corn seedlings.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse7
- Treatment
- Piperonyl butoxidee7
- Outcome
- growth of corn seedlingse7
- Direction
- did not influencee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Piperonyl butoxide by itself did not influence the growth of corn seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Metyrapone by itself caused slight injury to corn.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse6
- Treatment
- metyraponee7
- Outcome
- slight injurye7
- Direction
- causede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“PRE application of the antioxidants, piperonyl butoxide and metyrapone, increased primisulfuron injury to corn”
e7“metyrapone caused slight injury”
Claim · model-written summary
Naphthalic anhydride, flurazole and R-29148 protected corn from the increased injury caused by piperonyl butoxide plus primisulfuron at 40 g ha −1.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse6
- Treatment
- piperonyl butoxide plus primisulfurone7
- Outcome
- increased injurye7
- Direction
- was protectede7
- Qualifier
- applied at 40 g ha −1e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“PRE application of the antioxidants, piperonyl butoxide and metyrapone, increased primisulfuron injury to corn”
e7“The increased injury from piperonyl butoxide plus primisulfuron applied at 40 g ha −1 was protected by naphthalic anhydride, flurazole, and R-29148, whereas at 80 g ha −1 protection was provided by flurazole and R-29148”
Claim · model-written summary
At 80 g ha −1 of primisulfuron with piperonyl butoxide, protection against the increased injury was provided by flurazole and R-29148.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse6
- Treatment
- piperonyl butoxide plus primisulfurone7
- Outcome
- increased injurye7
- Direction
- protection was providede7
- Qualifier
- at 80 g ha −1e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“PRE application of the antioxidants, piperonyl butoxide and metyrapone, increased primisulfuron injury to corn”
e7“The increased injury from piperonyl butoxide plus primisulfuron applied at 40 g ha −1 was protected by naphthalic anhydride, flurazole, and R-29148, whereas at 80 g ha −1 protection was provided by flurazole and R-29148”
Claim · model-written summary
Naphthalic anhydride was an effective safener against increased corn injury when 3000 ppm piperonyl butoxide was applied foliarly 3 d before primisulfuron.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse7
- Treatment
- naphthalic anhydridee7
- Outcome
- increased corn injurye7
- Direction
- effectivee7
- Qualifier
- 3000 ppm piperonyl butoxide was applied foliarly 3 d prior to primisulfuron applicatione7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Naphthalic anhydride was also an effective safener against increased corn injury when 3000 ppm piperonyl butoxide was applied foliarly 3 d prior to primisulfuron application”
Claim · model-written summary
None of the safeners tested protected corn against the increased injury from metyrapone.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse6
- Treatment
- metyraponee7
- Outcome
- increased injurye7
- Direction
- protected againste7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“PRE application of the antioxidants, piperonyl butoxide and metyrapone, increased primisulfuron injury to corn”
e7“None of the safeners tested protected against increased injury from metyrapone”
Claim · model-written summary
Piperonyl butoxide did not influence 14C-primisulfuron absorption by corn.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- piperonyl butoxidee0
- Outcome
- 14 C-Primisulfuron absorptione0
- Direction
- not influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“14 C-Primisulfuron absorption by corn was not influenced by piperonyl butoxide or the safener, naphthalic anhydride”
Claim · model-written summary
Piperonyl butoxide inhibited metabolism of 14C-primisulfuron in corn.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- piperonyl butoxidee1
- Outcome
- metabolism of 14 C-primisulfurone1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“14 C-Primisulfuron absorption by corn was not influenced by piperonyl butoxide or the safener, naphthalic anhydride”
e1“However, metabolism of 14 C-primisulfuron was inhibited by piperonyl butoxide”
Claim · model-written summary
The inhibition of 14C-primisulfuron metabolism in corn was not totally reversed by naphthalic anhydride.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- the safener, naphthalic anhydridee2
- Outcome
- inhibitione2
- Direction
- not totally reversede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“14 C-Primisulfuron absorption by corn was not influenced by piperonyl butoxide or the safener, naphthalic anhydride”
e2“This inhibition was not totally reversed by the safener, naphthalic anhydride”
The same questions in other papers
Naphthalic anhydride · disease · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
piperonyl butoxide · crop injury · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
metolachlor · crop injury · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
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See all 7 papers →Primisulfuron · crop injury · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
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See all 9 papers →piperonyl butoxide · growth · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
piperonyl butoxide · molecular: metabolites · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Naphthalic anhydride · crop injury · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.