Abstract
Antidotes were evaluated for their ability to prevent corn and sorghum injury caused by imazaquin. Plant injury was reduced in both preemergence and early postemergence imazaquin applications. Naphthalic anhydride (NA) seed treatment was the most consistent compound in reducing the imazaquin injury. Seed treatment with CGA 92194 or flurazole also gave injury protection to corn and sorghum, while soil treatment with dichlormid provided the least protection from imazaquin injury. Treatment with the antidotes did not affect the acetolactate synthase (ALS) (EC4.1.3.18) activity in corn or sorghum tissues. Imazaquin treatments decreased extractable ALS activity but this decrease was eliminated, partially or totally, by the most effective antidotes. Antidote treatments had little effect on absorption and distribution of 14 C in plants growing in soil treated with 14 C-imazaquin. Antidote treatments increased the metabolism of 14 C-imazaquin to both soluble and unextractable 14 C after 24 h of exposure. The increased rate of imazaquin conversion to less toxic metabolites when antidotes were used resulted in a reduction in imazaquin injury to corn and sorghum.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Imazaquin injury was reduced in both preemergence and early postemergence applications.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Outcome
- Plant injurye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant injury was reduced in both preemergence and early postemergence imazaquin applications”
t0“Corn (Zea mays) and Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)”
Claim · model-written summary
Naphthalic anhydride seed treatment most consistently reduced imazaquin injury.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Naphthalic anhydride (NA) seed treatmente0
- Outcome
- imazaquin injurye0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Naphthalic anhydride (NA) seed treatment was the most consistent compound in reducing the imazaquin injury”
t0“Corn (Zea mays) and Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)”
Claim · model-written summary
CGA 92194 seed treatment protected corn from injury.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Seed treatment with CGA 92194e0
- Outcome
- injury protectione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed treatment with CGA 92194 or flurazole also gave injury protection to corn and sorghum”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Flurazole seed treatment protected sorghum from injury.
SorghumNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed treatment with CGA 92194 or flurazole also gave injury protection to corn and sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Dichlormid soil treatment offered the least imazaquin injury protection.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- soil treatment with dichlormide0
- Outcome
- protection from imazaquin injurye0
- Direction
- leaste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil treatment with dichlormid provided the least protection from imazaquin injury”
t0“Corn (Zea mays) and Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)”
Claim · model-written summary
Antidotes alone did not affect ALS activity in corn.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- the antidotese0
- Gene
- acetolactate synthase (ALS)e0
- Outcome
- acetolactate synthase (ALS) (EC4.1.3.18) activitye0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with the antidotes did not affect the acetolactate synthase (ALS) (EC4.1.3.18) activity in corn or sorghum tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazaquin decreased extractable ALS activity.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Imazaquin treatmentse0
- Gene
- ALSe0
- Outcome
- extractable ALS activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazaquin treatments decreased extractable ALS activity”
t0“Corn (Zea mays) and Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)”
Claim · model-written summary
Effective antidotes partly or fully eliminated the imazaquin related ALS decrease.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- most effective antidotese0
- Gene
- ALSe1
- Outcome
- extractable ALS activitye1
- Direction
- eliminatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this decrease was eliminated, partially or totally, by the most effective antidotes”
e1“Imazaquin treatments decreased extractable ALS activity”
t0“Corn (Zea mays) and Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)”
Claim · model-written summary
Antidotes had little effect on imazaquin carbon absorption and distribution.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Antidote treatmentse0
- Outcome
- absorption and distribution of 14 Ce0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Antidote treatments had little effect on absorption and distribution of 14 C in plants growing in soil treated with 14 C-imazaquin”
t0“Corn (Zea mays) and Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)”
Claim · model-written summary
Antidotes increased imazaquin metabolism to soluble and unextractable carbon after 24 hours.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Antidote treatmentse0
- Outcome
- metabolism of 14 C-imazaquin to both soluble and unextractable 14 Ce0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- after 24 h of exposuree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Antidote treatments increased the metabolism of 14 C-imazaquin to both soluble and unextractable 14 C after 24 h of exposure”
t0“Corn (Zea mays) and Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute reduced imazaquin injury to faster conversion into less toxic metabolites with antidotes.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- reduction in imazaquin injurye0
- Qualifier
- increased rate of imazaquin conversion to less toxic metabolitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increased rate of imazaquin conversion to less toxic metabolites when antidotes were used resulted in a reduction in imazaquin injury to corn and sorghum”
The same questions in other papers
Dichlormid · crop injury · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
antidote · molecular: metabolites · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Naphthalic anhydride · crop injury · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →seed treatment · crop injury · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.