Abstract
Antidotes were evaluated under greenhouse conditions for their ability to prevent injury to corn and sorghum from imazethapyr. Corn was more tolerant to imazethapyr and more effectively protected from imazethapyr toxicity than sorghum. Naphthalic anhydride (NA) 3 , CGA 92194, or flurazole treatment of corn seed reduced plant injury from preemergence applications of imazethapyr. Corn injury from postemergence applications of imazethapyr was decreased by seed treatment with NA or CGA 92194. Sorghum injury from preemergence applications of imazethapyr was not reduced by seed treatment with the antidotes. NA treatment of sorghum seed was the most effective antidote treatment for decreasing injury from postemergence applications of imazethapyr but the level of sorghum protection was much less than that achieved with corn. Corn seedlings grown from NA-treated and untreated seed absorbed equal amounts of 14 C into the roots from nutrient solution containing 14 C-imazethapyr. The NA-treated corn plants translocated less of the absorbed 14 C to the shoots than the untreated plants. NA treatment of corn seeds increased the rate of imazethapyr conversion to soluble metabolites 2-and 10-fold in the corn seedling roots and shoots, respectively. The increased rate of imazethapyr metabolism in corn following NA seed treatment may be responsible for the protection from imazethapyr toxicity.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Corn was more tolerant and better protected than sorghum.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Outcome
- tolerant to imazethapyre0
- Direction
- more tolerante0
- Comparator
- sorghume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn was more tolerant to imazethapyr and more effectively protected from imazethapyr toxicity than sorghum.”
Claim · model-written summary
NA, CGA 92194 and flurazole seed treatments reduced corn injury from preemergence imazethapyr.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Naphthalic anhydride (NA) 3 , CGA 92194, or flurazole treatmente0
- Outcome
- plant injurye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Naphthalic anhydride (NA) 3 , CGA 92194, or flurazole treatment of corn seed reduced plant injury from preemergence applications of imazethapyr.”
Claim · model-written summary
NA or CGA 92194 seed treatment decreased corn injury from postemergence imazethapyr.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- seed treatment with NA or CGA 92194e0
- Outcome
- Corn injurye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn injury from postemergence applications of imazethapyr was decreased by seed treatment with NA or CGA 92194.”
Claim · model-written summary
Antidote seed treatments did not reduce sorghum injury from preemergence imazethapyr.
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sorghum injury from preemergence applications of imazethapyr was not reduced by seed treatment with the antidotes.”
Claim · model-written summary
NA was the best antidote for postemergence sorghum injury, though protection was less than for corn.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NA treatment of sorghum seed was the most effective antidote treatment for decreasing injury from postemergence applications of imazethapyr but the level of sorghum protection was much less than that achieved with corn.”
Claim · model-written summary
NA-treated and untreated corn seedlings absorbed equal root radiolabel.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- NA-treatede0
- Outcome
- 14 C into the rootse0
- Direction
- equale0
- Comparator
- untreated seede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn seedlings grown from NA-treated and untreated seed absorbed equal amounts of 14 C into the roots from nutrient solution containing 14 C-imazethapyr.”
Claim · model-written summary
NA-treated corn plants moved less absorbed radiolabel to shoots.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- NA-treatede0
- Outcome
- absorbed 14 C to the shootse0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The NA-treated corn plants translocated less of the absorbed 14 C to the shoots than the untreated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
NA increased imazethapyr conversion in corn roots twofold.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- NA treatmente0
- Outcome
- rate of imazethapyr conversion to soluble metabolitese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2-and 10-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NA treatment of corn seeds increased the rate of imazethapyr conversion to soluble metabolites 2-and 10-fold in the corn seedling roots and shoots, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
NA increased imazethapyr conversion in corn shoots tenfold.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- NA treatmente0
- Outcome
- rate of imazethapyr conversion to soluble metabolitese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2-and 10-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NA treatment of corn seeds increased the rate of imazethapyr conversion to soluble metabolites 2-and 10-fold in the corn seedling roots and shoots, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced imazethapyr metabolism may explain NA protection in corn.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- NA seed treatmente0
- Outcome
- protection from imazethapyr toxicitye0
- Qualifier
- increased rate of imazethapyr metabolisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increased rate of imazethapyr metabolism in corn following NA seed treatment may be responsible for the protection from imazethapyr toxicity.”
The same questions in other papers
Naphthalic anhydride · molecular: metabolites · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Naphthalic anhydride · crop injury · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →seed treatment · crop injury · SorghumPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
seed treatment · crop injury · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.