Abstract
Use of saline water in irrigated agriculture has become an important means for alleviating water scarcity in arid and semi-arid regions. The objective of this field experiment was to evaluate the effects of irrigation water salinity and N fertilization on soil physicochemical and biological properties related to nitrification and denitrification. A 3×2 factorial design was used with three levels of irrigation water salinity (0.35, 4.61 and 8.04 dS m−1) and two N rates (0 and 360 kg N ha−1). The results indicated that irrigation water salinity and N fertilization had significant effects on many soil physicochemical properties including water content, salinity, pH, NH4-N concentration, and NO3-N concentration. The abundance (i.e., gene copy number) of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) was greater than that of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in all treatments. Irrigation water salinity had no significant effect on the abundance of AOA or AOB in unfertilized plots. However, saline irrigation water (i.e., the 4.61 and 8.04 dS m−1 treatments) reduced AOA abundance, AOB abundance and potential nitrification rate in N fertilized plots. Regardless of N application rate, saline irrigation water increased urease activity but reduced the activities of both nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase. Irrigation with saline irrigation water significantly reduced cotton biomass, N uptake and yield. Nitrogen application exacerbated the negative effect of saline water. These results suggest that brackish water and saline water irrigation could significantly reduce both the abundance of ammonia oxidizers and potential nitrification rates. The AOA may play a more important role than AOB in nitrification in desert soil.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation water salinity and N fertilization significantly affected many soil physicochemical properties of cotton fields
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- irrigation water salinity and N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- soil physicochemical propertiese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton growth in a drip irrigated cotton field”
e0“irrigation water salinity and N fertilization had significant effects on many soil physicochemical properties including water content, salinity, pH, NH4-N concentration, and NO3-N concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea was greater than that of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in all cotton field treatments
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- abundance (i.e., gene copy number) of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA)e1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Comparator
- ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton growth in a drip irrigated cotton field”
e1“The abundance (i.e., gene copy number) of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) was greater than that of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in all treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation water salinity had no significant effect on AOA or AOB abundance in unfertilized plots
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- irrigation water salinitye2
- Outcome
- abundance of AOA or AOBe2
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
- Qualifier
- unfertilized plotse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton growth in a drip irrigated cotton field”
e2“Irrigation water salinity had no significant effect on the abundance of AOA or AOB in unfertilized plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline irrigation water reduced AOA abundance, AOB abundance and potential nitrification rate in N fertilized plots
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- saline irrigation watere3
- Outcome
- AOA abundance, AOB abundance and potential nitrification ratee3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Qualifier
- N fertilized plotse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton growth in a drip irrigated cotton field”
e3“saline irrigation water (i.e., the 4.61 and 8.04 dS m−1 treatments) reduced AOA abundance, AOB abundance and potential nitrification rate in N fertilized plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Regardless of N application rate, saline irrigation water increased urease activity in cotton fields
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- saline irrigation watere4
- Outcome
- urease activitye4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- Regardless of N application ratee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton growth in a drip irrigated cotton field”
e4“Regardless of N application rate, saline irrigation water increased urease activity but reduced the activities of both nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline irrigation water reduced the activities of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase in cotton fields
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- saline irrigation watere4
- Outcome
- activities of both nitrate reductase and nitrite reductasee4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton growth in a drip irrigated cotton field”
e4“Regardless of N application rate, saline irrigation water increased urease activity but reduced the activities of both nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline irrigation water significantly reduced cotton biomass, N uptake and yield
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume5
- Treatment
- Irrigation with saline irrigation watere5
- Outcome
- cotton biomass, N uptake and yielde5
- Direction
- reducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Irrigation with saline irrigation water significantly reduced cotton biomass, N uptake and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application exacerbated the negative effect of saline water on cotton
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen applicatione6
- Outcome
- negative effect of saline watere6
- Direction
- exacerbatede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton growth in a drip irrigated cotton field”
e6“Nitrogen application exacerbated the negative effect of saline water”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonia-oxidizing archaea may play a more important role than AOB in nitrification in desert soil of cotton fields
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- nitrification in desert soile7
- Qualifier
- AOA may play a more important role than AOBe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton growth in a drip irrigated cotton field”
e7“The AOA may play a more important role than AOB in nitrification in desert soil”
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