Abstract
A considerable amount of evidence has shown that intercropping enhances biodiversity that in turn suppresses pests and diseases. However, few works have been done on exploring the possibility of intercropping rice with other crops in wetlands to reduce pest/insect damage via diversified agro-ecosystem. In this study, a field experiment was conducted to look into the effect of rice and arrowhead(Sagittaria sagittifolia) intercropping on pest/disease occurrence without use of agrochemicals, and to evaluate yield performance. Meanwhile the effects of the intercropping on the microenvironment and photosynthetic gas exchange of rice leaf were examined. Results showed that the rice/arrowhead intercropping did not effectively suppress the population growth of rice hopper and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis. However, the intercropping system significantly reduced the occurrence of rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Compared with monocropping system, the intercropping system dropped the occurrence of rice blast at elongation and heading stages significantly by 64.29% and 88.24%, respectively. Diseased hill rate of rice sheath blight at filling and milk-ripening stages also reduced under intercropping. Normally, CAT, POD and SOD activities increased when crops were subjected to pathogenic attack. In this study, CAT, POD and SOD activities were lower under intercropping than under monocropping treatments at filling and milk-ripening stages. Elevated enzyme activity under monocropping was positively related with rice defense against higher disease incidence. Analyses of micro-environmental factors showed that intercropping decreased air humidity on rice leaf surface in morning and noon periods. Meanwhile, leaf absorbed photosynthetically active radiation was higher under intercropping system for most of the daytime. The modified micro-environment benefited the depression of breeding and spread of pathogens in paddy fields. Net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of rice leaf were higher under intercropping system than monoculture system during most of the daytime. This suggested that intercropping improved light utilization rate and photosynthetic efficiency of rice. In the study, the land equivalent ratio of the intercropping system was 1.17. This also suggested that rice/arrowhead intercropping not only effectively reduced the occurrence of rice disease, but also produced higher crop yields and greater land use efficiency.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping did not effectively suppress rice hopper and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis populations.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- rice/arrowhead intercroppinge0
- Interactor
- rice hoppere0pest
- Outcome
- population growthe0
- Direction
- did not effectively suppresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rice/arrowhead intercropping did not effectively suppress the population growth of rice hopper and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis”
t0“yield of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping reduced rice blast occurrence at elongation by 64.29%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- elongatione0
- Treatment
- intercropping systeme0
- Outcome
- occurrence of rice blaste0
- Direction
- droppede0
- Value
- 64.29%e0
- Comparator
- monocropping systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with monocropping system, the intercropping system dropped the occurrence of rice blast at elongation and heading stages significantly by 64.29% and 88.24%, respectively.”
t0“yield of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping reduced rice blast occurrence at heading by 88.24%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- headinge0
- Treatment
- intercropping systeme0
- Outcome
- occurrence of rice blaste0
- Direction
- droppede0
- Value
- 88.24%e0
- Comparator
- monocropping systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with monocropping system, the intercropping system dropped the occurrence of rice blast at elongation and heading stages significantly by 64.29% and 88.24%, respectively.”
t0“yield of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping reduced diseased hill rate of rice sheath blight at filling and milk-ripening.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- filling and milk-ripening stagese0
- Treatment
- intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- Diseased hill rate of rice sheath blighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diseased hill rate of rice sheath blight at filling and milk-ripening stages also reduced under intercropping.”
t0“yield of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
CAT, POD and SOD activities were lower with intercropping at filling and milk-ripening.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- filling and milk-ripening stagese0
- Treatment
- intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- CAT, POD and SOD activitiese0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- monocropping treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CAT, POD and SOD activities were lower under intercropping than under monocropping treatments at filling and milk-ripening stages.”
t0“yield of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated enzyme activity under monocropping was positively related to rice defense against higher disease incidence.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- monocroppinge0
- Outcome
- rice defensee0
- Direction
- positively relatede0
- Qualifier
- higher disease incidencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated enzyme activity under monocropping was positively related with rice defense against higher disease incidence.”
t0“yield of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping decreased air humidity at the rice leaf surface in morning and noon.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- air humidity on rice leaf surfacee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- morning and noon periodse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping decreased air humidity on rice leaf surface in morning and noon periods.”
t0“yield of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice leaves absorbed more photosynthetically active radiation under intercropping for most daytime.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- intercropping systeme0
- Outcome
- leaf absorbed photosynthetically active radiatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- most of the daytimee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf absorbed photosynthetically active radiation was higher under intercropping system for most of the daytime.”
t0“yield of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping increased rice leaf net photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance for most daytime.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- intercropping systeme0
- Outcome
- Net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- most of the daytimee0
- Comparator
- monoculture systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of rice leaf were higher under intercropping system than monoculture system during most of the daytime.”
t0“yield of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The intercropping system had a land equivalent ratio of 1.17.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- intercropping systeme0
- Outcome
- land equivalent ratioe0
- Value
- 1.17e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the land equivalent ratio of the intercropping system was 1.17.”
t0“yield of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that rice and arrowhead intercropping produced higher crop yields.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- rice/arrowhead intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- crop yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice/arrowhead intercropping not only effectively reduced the occurrence of rice disease, but also produced higher crop yields and greater land use efficiency.”
t0“yield of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that intercropping improved land use efficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- rice/arrowhead intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- land use efficiencye0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice/arrowhead intercropping not only effectively reduced the occurrence of rice disease, but also produced higher crop yields and greater land use efficiency.”
t0“yield of rice”
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See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.