Abstract
Based on the 3414 fertilizer experimental design,the effects of N,P and K fertilizer application on grain yield,grain quality as well as nutrient uptake and utilization of rice were researched to elucidate the interactive effects among N,P and K in a field experiment with four levels of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) fertilizers.The results showed that the application of N,P and K significantly increased grain yield,and the highest yield was found under the joint application of N,P and K fertilizer.The application of fertilizer also improved rice quality markedly.For example,head rice rate was increased and chalkiness degree,length-width ratio of grain and amylose content of milled rice were decreased due to the application of N,P and K.And,the application of N and P increased protein content of brown rice and decreased green rice rate.The application of N,P and K fertilizer increased total nutrient(show as N,P2O5,K2O) accumulation and nutrient Absorption per 100-kg seeds,but reduced nutrient dry matter production efficiency and nutrient grain production efficiency.Meanwhile,fertilizer recovery efficiency,agronomic efficiency and physiological efficiency always declined with the increasing N,P and K application rate.Grain yield was significantly influenced by the interaction between N and P,N and K,P and K,respectively,and the interactions were synergistic when fertilizers application rates were at lower or moderate levels,otherwise they were antagonistic.The most significant interactive effect on total N,P2O5 and K2O accumulation was between N and K,N and P,P and K,respectively.It is concluded that the influence of fertilizer on rice growth was various,which means that fertilizers application rate and ratio should be established with an integrated consideration of several factors including grain yield,grain quality and nutrient uptake,utilization efficiency.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
N, P and K application significantly increased rice grain yield, highest jointly.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- application of N,P and Ke0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of N,P and K significantly increased grain yield,and the highest yield was found under the joint application of N,P and K fertilizer”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
N, P and K increased head rice rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N,P,K Fertilizer Applicationt1
- Outcome
- head rice ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“head rice rate was increased”
t0“Rice”
t1“N,P,K Fertilizer Application”
Claim · model-written summary
N, P and K decreased grain chalkiness, length-width ratio and milled rice amylose.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- application of N,P and Ke0
- Outcome
- chalkiness degree,length-width ratio of grain and amylose content of milled ricee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chalkiness degree,length-width ratio of grain and amylose content of milled rice were decreased due to the application of N,P and K.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
N and P increased brown rice protein content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- application of N and Pe0
- Outcome
- protein content of brown ricee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of N and P increased protein content of brown rice”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
N and P decreased green rice rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- application of N and Pe1
- Outcome
- green rice ratee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased green rice rate”
t0“Rice”
e1“the application of N and P increased protein content of brown rice”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK fertilizer increased total nutrient accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- application of N,P and K fertilizere0
- Outcome
- total nutrient(show as N,P2O5,K2O) accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of N,P and K fertilizer increased total nutrient(show as N,P2O5,K2O) accumulation”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK fertilizer increased nutrient absorption per 100-kg seeds.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N,P,K Fertilizer Applicationt1
- Outcome
- nutrient Absorption per 100-kg seedse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased total nutrient(show as N,P2O5,K2O) accumulation and nutrient Absorption per 100-kg seeds”
t0“Rice”
t1“N,P,K Fertilizer Application”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK fertilizer reduced nutrient dry matter and grain production efficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N,P,K Fertilizer Applicationt1
- Outcome
- nutrient dry matter production efficiency and nutrient grain production efficiencye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced nutrient dry matter production efficiency and nutrient grain production efficiency”
t0“Rice”
t1“N,P,K Fertilizer Application”
Claim · model-written summary
Recovery, agronomic and physiological efficiencies declined as NPK rates rose.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- increasing N,P and K application ratee0
- Outcome
- fertilizer recovery efficiency,agronomic efficiency and physiological efficiencye0
- Direction
- declinede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fertilizer recovery efficiency,agronomic efficiency and physiological efficiency always declined with the increasing N,P and K application rate”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
N-P, N-K and P-K interactions significantly influenced grain yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- interaction between N and P,N and K,P and Ke0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield was significantly influenced by the interaction between N and P,N and K,P and K,respectively”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer interactions were synergistic at lower or moderate rates and antagonistic otherwise.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- interactions were synergistice0
- Qualifier
- lower or moderate levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the interactions were synergistic when fertilizers application rates were at lower or moderate levels,otherwise they were antagonistic”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
N-K interaction was most significant for total N accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N and Ke0
- Outcome
- total Ne0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most significant interactive effect on total N,P2O5 and K2O accumulation was between N and K,N and P,P and K,respectively.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
N-P interaction was most significant for P2O5 accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N and Pe0
- Outcome
- P2O5e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most significant interactive effect on total N,P2O5 and K2O accumulation was between N and K,N and P,P and K,respectively.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
P-K interaction was most significant for K2O accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- P and Ke0
- Outcome
- K2Oe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most significant interactive effect on total N,P2O5 and K2O accumulation was between N and K,N and P,P and K,respectively.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommended integrated consideration of yield, quality and nutrient use when setting fertilizer rates and ratios.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- fertilizers application rate and ratioe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fertilizers application rate and ratio should be established with an integrated consideration of several factors including grain yield,grain quality and nutrient uptake,utilization efficiency”
t0“Rice”
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See all 57 papers →8 of 18 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.