Abstract
Ammonium fertilizers, petroleum oil concentrate, and nonionic surfactant were evaluated as postemergence spray additives to improve giant foxtail and volunteer corn control by 28 g ai ha −1 of the ethyl ester of quizalofop or 56 g ha −1 sethoxydim. Additions of 0.25% by vol nonionic surfactant or 2.5% petroleum oil concentrate improved grass control, but additions of 10% urea ammonium nitrate (28-0-0), 10% ammonium polyphosphate (10-34-0), or 0.1M ammonium sulfate (21-0-0-24S) did not consistently affect grass control. In laboratory studies with corn, greatest 14 C absorption from leaf-applied 14 C-quizalofop (8 h after treatment) was found with additions of petroleum oil concentrate (80% absorbed) or nonionic surfactant (18% absorbed), while less absorption was observed with treatments containing either no additive, urea ammonium nitrate, ammonium polyphosphate, or ammonium sulfate (8 to 13% absorbed). Surface tension and droplet size of spray solutions were affected primarily by additions of nonionic surfactant, petroleum oil concentrate, and the formulated herbicides. Solution density, solute potential, pH, and buffering capacity were primarily affected by fertilizer additions.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
0.25% by vol nonionic surfactant improved control of grass weeds.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Additions of 0.25% by vol nonionic surfactant or 2.5% petroleum oil concentrate improved grass control”
Claim · model-written summary
2.5% petroleum oil concentrate improved control of grass weeds.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Additions of 0.25% by vol nonionic surfactant or 2.5% petroleum oil concentrate improved grass control”
Claim · model-written summary
10% urea ammonium nitrate (28-0-0) had inconsistent effects on grass control.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e1“additions of 10% urea ammonium nitrate (28-0-0), 10% ammonium polyphosphate (10-34-0), or 0.1M ammonium sulfate (21-0-0-24S) did not consistently affect grass control”
Claim · model-written summary
10% ammonium polyphosphate (10-34-0) had inconsistent effects on grass control.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e1“additions of 10% urea ammonium nitrate (28-0-0), 10% ammonium polyphosphate (10-34-0), or 0.1M ammonium sulfate (21-0-0-24S) did not consistently affect grass control”
Claim · model-written summary
0.1M ammonium sulfate (21-0-0-24S) had inconsistent effects on grass control.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e1“additions of 10% urea ammonium nitrate (28-0-0), 10% ammonium polyphosphate (10-34-0), or 0.1M ammonium sulfate (21-0-0-24S) did not consistently affect grass control”
Claim · model-written summary
petroleum oil concentrate yielded 80% absorbed leaf absorption of quizalofop in corn.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse6 - Treatment
- petroleum oil concentratee2
- Outcome
- 14 C absorption from leaf-applied 14 C-quizalofope2
- Direction
- greateste2
- Value
- 80% absorbede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“greatest 14 C absorption from leaf-applied 14 C-quizalofop (8 h after treatment) was found with additions of petroleum oil concentrate (80% absorbed) or nonionic surfactant (18% absorbed)”
e6“In laboratory studies with corn”
Claim · model-written summary
nonionic surfactant yielded 18% absorbed leaf absorption of quizalofop in corn.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse6
- Treatment
- nonionic surfactante2
- Outcome
- 14 C absorption from leaf-applied 14 C-quizalofope2
- Direction
- greateste2
- Value
- 18% absorbede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“greatest 14 C absorption from leaf-applied 14 C-quizalofop (8 h after treatment) was found with additions of petroleum oil concentrate (80% absorbed) or nonionic surfactant (18% absorbed)”
e6“In laboratory studies with corn”
Claim · model-written summary
No additive or ammonium fertilizers gave lower quizalofop absorption of 8 to 13%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse6
- Treatment
- no additive, urea ammonium nitrate, ammonium polyphosphate, or ammonium sulfatee3
- Outcome
- absorptione3
- Direction
- lesse3
- Value
- 8 to 13% absorbede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“less absorption was observed with treatments containing either no additive, urea ammonium nitrate, ammonium polyphosphate, or ammonium sulfate (8 to 13% absorbed)”
e6“In laboratory studies with corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Surfactant, oil concentrate and herbicides primarily altered spray surface tension and droplet size.
- Outcome
- Surface tension and droplet size of spray solutionse4
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e4“Surface tension and droplet size of spray solutions were affected primarily by additions of nonionic surfactant, petroleum oil concentrate, and the formulated herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer additives primarily altered spray solution density, solute potential, pH and buffering.
- Outcome
- Solution density, solute potential, pH, and buffering capacitye5
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e5“Solution density, solute potential, pH, and buffering capacity were primarily affected by fertilizer additions”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.