Abstract
The effects of nitric oxide (NO) and/or iron (Fe) supplied to Fe deficient plants have been investigated in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown in Hoagland nutrient solution with or without Fe. Two weeks after Fe deprivation, recovery was induced by addition of 250 μM sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor) and/or 50 μM Fe (Fe-EDTA) to the Fe deprived (-Fe) nutrient solution. Activities of antioxidant enzymes, leaf chlorophyll (Chl), and active Fe content decreased, whereas activities of H+-ATPase, ferric-chelate reductase (FCR), nitrate reductase, and nitric oxide synthase and NO production increased in Fe deficient plants, consequently an Fe chlorosis symptom appeared obviously. In contrast, these symptoms disappeared gradually after two weeks with NO and/or Fe supply, which caused an increases in leaf Chl and active Fe content, especially following by co-treatment with NO and Fe to values found in Fe sufficient plants. Increased activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) and decreased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (H2O2, O2*- ) and malondialdehyde enhanced the ability of resistance to oxidative stress. Supplied NO alone had the obvious effect on increased NO production and on activity of H+-ATPase and FCR, whereas root length and root/shoot ratio were most effectively increased by Fe supplied alone. Co-treatment with NO and Fe did the best effects on recovery peanut chlorosis symptoms by significantly increased Chl and available Fe content and adjusted distribution of Fe and other mineral elements (Ca, Mg, and Zn) in both leaves and roots.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Fe deficiency reduced antioxidant enzyme activity, leaf chlorophyll and active Fe.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Treatment
- Fe deprivatione1
- Outcome
- Activities of antioxidant enzymes, leaf chlorophyll (Chl), and active Fe contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- Fe sufficient plantse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Activities of antioxidant enzymes, leaf chlorophyll (Chl), and active Fe content decreased”
t0“peanut plants”
e1“Fe deprivation”
e2“Fe sufficient plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe deficiency increased H+-ATPase, FCR, nitrate reductase and nitric oxide synthase activities and NO production.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Fe deficiente0
- Outcome
- activities of H+-ATPase, ferric-chelate reductase (FCR), nitrate reductasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- Fe sufficient plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activities of H+-ATPase, ferric-chelate reductase (FCR), nitrate reductase, and nitric oxide synthase and NO production increased in Fe deficient plants”
t0“peanut plants”
e1“Fe sufficient plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe deficiency increased nitric oxide synthase activity and NO production.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Fe deficiente0
- Outcome
- nitric oxide synthase and NO productione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitric oxide synthase and NO production increased in Fe deficient plants”
t0“peanut plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe deficiency produced an obvious chlorosis symptom.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- Fe chlorosis symptom appeared obviouslye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“consequently an Fe chlorosis symptom appeared obviously”
t0“peanut plants”
Claim · model-written summary
NO or Fe supply gradually resolved chlorosis after two weeks.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- NO and/or Fe supplye0
- Outcome
- symptoms disappeared graduallye0
- Qualifier
- after two weekse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these symptoms disappeared gradually after two weeks with NO and/or Fe supply”
t0“peanut plants”
Claim · model-written summary
NO or Fe supply increased leaf chlorophyll and active Fe, especially together toward Fe-sufficient values.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- co-treatment with NO and Fee0
- Outcome
- leaf Chl and active Fe contente0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Comparator
- Fe sufficient plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“caused an increases in leaf Chl and active Fe content, especially following by co-treatment with NO and Fe to values found in Fe sufficient plants”
t0“peanut plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Recovery treatment increased superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase activity.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- NO and/or Fe supplye1
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase)e0
- Direction
- Increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase)”
t0“peanut plants”
e1“NO and/or Fe supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Recovery treatment decreased reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde accumulation.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- NO and/or Fe supplye1
- Outcome
- accumulation of reactive oxygen species (H2O2, O2*- ) and malondialdehydee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (H2O2, O2*- ) and malondialdehyde”
t0“peanut plants”
e1“NO and/or Fe supply”
Claim · model-written summary
NO alone increased NO production and H+-ATPase and FCR activity.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Supplied NO alonee0
- Outcome
- NO production and on activity of H+-ATPase and FCRe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplied NO alone had the obvious effect on increased NO production and on activity of H+-ATPase and FCR”
t0“peanut plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe alone most effectively increased root length and root/shoot ratio.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Fe supplied alonee0
- Outcome
- root length and root/shoot ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root length and root/shoot ratio were most effectively increased by Fe supplied alone”
t0“peanut plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined NO and Fe best recovered peanut chlorosis symptoms.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- Co-treatment with NO and Fee0
- Outcome
- recovery peanut chlorosis symptomse0
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co-treatment with NO and Fe did the best effects on recovery peanut chlorosis symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined NO and Fe significantly increased chlorophyll and available Fe.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Co-treatment with NO and Fee1
- Outcome
- Chl and available Fe contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly increased Chl and available Fe content”
t0“peanut plants”
e1“Co-treatment with NO and Fe”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined NO and Fe adjusted Fe, Ca, Mg and Zn distribution in leaves and roots.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse0
- Treatment
- Co-treatment with NO and Fee1
- Outcome
- distribution of Fe and other mineral elements (Ca, Mg, and Zn)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“adjusted distribution of Fe and other mineral elements (Ca, Mg, and Zn) in both leaves and roots”
t0“peanut plants”
e1“Co-treatment with NO and Fe”
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This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
- positive
- positive
8 of 15 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.