Abstract
In an experiment, performed in 1968-1970 on young Bancroft and Mclntosh apple trees on sandy loamy soil, Mg fertilization at the dose of 400 kg of MgO per year, in the form of epsomite increased available Mg content in both 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers. After 4 years only 20-29% of the Mg applied remained in these layers. K fertilization at the dose of 300 kg of K2O per ha in the form of potassium salts increased available K2O content, and 85–97% of additionally applied potassium remained in the top soil layers. K fertilization decreased leaf Mg content, increased leaf K content, increased Mg deficiency symptoms and in the absence of Mg reduced tree growth. Fruit set and fruit storage quality were adversely affected by the K fertilizer dose of 300 kg of K2O as compared with 60 kg of K2<s/ub>O per ha. Mg fertilization to the soil increased leaf Mg content, decreased Mg deficiency symptoms and counteracted the negative effect of high doses of K2O on growth. It did not have any effect on growth when K fertilization was moderate; no effect on yield was found. Four sprays of 2% epsomite applied each season were less effective in increasing leaf Mg content and in controlling Mg deficiency symptoms than soil dressings of this compound. Foliar sprays increased fruit set and early yields (in the 4th year after planting). Mg applied to the soil or to the leaves increased the green skin colour of Bancroft apples; it did not affect bitter pit incidence.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Soil Mg fertilization increased available Mg in the 0–20 and 20–40 cm layers.
- Taxon
- apple trees
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- Mg fertilization at the dose of 400 kg of MgO per yeare0
- Outcome
- available Mg content in both 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layerse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mg fertilization at the dose of 400 kg of MgO per year, in the form of epsomite increased available Mg content in both 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers.”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
After four years, 20–29% of applied Mg remained in those soil layers.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- Mg applied remained in these layerse0
- Value
- 20-29%e0
- Qualifier
- After 4 yearse0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 4 years only 20-29% of the Mg applied remained in these layers.”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
K fertilization increased available K2O content.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- K fertilization at the dose of 300 kg of K2O per hae0
- Outcome
- available K2O contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“K fertilization at the dose of 300 kg of K2O per ha in the form of potassium salts increased available K2O content, and 85–97% of additionally applied potassium remained in the top soil layers.”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Some 85–97% of added potassium remained in top soil.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- additionally applied potassium remained in the top soil layerse0
- Value
- 85–97%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“85–97% of additionally applied potassium remained in the top soil layers.”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
K fertilization decreased apple leaf Mg content.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- K fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- leaf Mg contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“K fertilization decreased leaf Mg content, increased leaf K content, increased Mg deficiency symptoms and in the absence of Mg reduced tree growth.”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
K fertilization increased apple leaf K content.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- K fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- leaf K contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“K fertilization decreased leaf Mg content, increased leaf K content, increased Mg deficiency symptoms and in the absence of Mg reduced tree growth.”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
K fertilization increased Mg deficiency symptoms.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- K fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Mg deficiency symptomse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“K fertilization decreased leaf Mg content, increased leaf K content, increased Mg deficiency symptoms and in the absence of Mg reduced tree growth.”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Without Mg, K fertilization reduced tree growth.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- K fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- tree growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- in the absence of Mge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“K fertilization decreased leaf Mg content, increased leaf K content, increased Mg deficiency symptoms and in the absence of Mg reduced tree growth.”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The 300 kg K2O dose adversely affected fruit set relative to 60 kg K2O.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- K fertilizer dose of 300 kg of K2Oe0
- Outcome
- Fruit sete0
- Direction
- adversely affectede0
- Comparator
- 60 kg of K2<s/ub>O per hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit set and fruit storage quality were adversely affected by the K fertilizer dose of 300 kg of K2O as compared with 60 kg of K2<s/ub>O per ha.”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The 300 kg K2O dose adversely affected fruit storage quality relative to 60 kg K2O.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- K fertilizer dose of 300 kg of K2Oe0
- Outcome
- fruit storage qualitye0
- Direction
- adversely affectede0
- Comparator
- 60 kg of K2<s/ub>O per hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit set and fruit storage quality were adversely affected by the K fertilizer dose of 300 kg of K2O as compared with 60 kg of K2<s/ub>O per ha.”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil Mg fertilization increased apple leaf Mg content.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Mg fertilization to the soile0
- Outcome
- leaf Mg contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mg fertilization to the soil increased leaf Mg content, decreased Mg deficiency symptoms and counteracted the negative effect of high doses of K2O on growth.”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil Mg fertilization decreased Mg deficiency symptoms.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Mg fertilization to the soile0
- Outcome
- Mg deficiency symptomse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mg fertilization to the soil increased leaf Mg content, decreased Mg deficiency symptoms and counteracted the negative effect of high doses of K2O on growth.”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil Mg counteracted high K2O effects on apple growth.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Mg fertilization to the soile0
- Outcome
- negative effect of high doses of K2O on growthe0
- Direction
- counteractede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mg fertilization to the soil increased leaf Mg content, decreased Mg deficiency symptoms and counteracted the negative effect of high doses of K2O on growth.”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil Mg did not affect growth with moderate K fertilization.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- K fertilization was moderatee0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- not have any effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It did not have any effect on growth when K fertilization was moderate; no effect on yield was found.”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil Mg had no observed effect on yield.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no effect on yield was found.”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Four seasonal 2% epsomite sprays raised leaf Mg less effectively than soil dressing.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Four sprays of 2% epsomitee0
- Outcome
- leaf Mg contente0
- Direction
- less effectivee0
- Comparator
- soil dressings of this compounde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four sprays of 2% epsomite applied each season were less effective in increasing leaf Mg content and in controlling Mg deficiency symptoms than soil dressings of this compound.”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Four seasonal 2% epsomite sprays controlled Mg deficiency symptoms less effectively than soil dressing.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Four sprays of 2% epsomitee0
- Outcome
- Mg deficiency symptomse0
- Direction
- less effectivee0
- Comparator
- soil dressings of this compounde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four sprays of 2% epsomite applied each season were less effective in increasing leaf Mg content and in controlling Mg deficiency symptoms than soil dressings of this compound.”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar sprays increased apple fruit set.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Foliar sprayse0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar sprays increased fruit set and early yields (in the 4th year after planting).”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar sprays increased early yields in the fourth year after planting.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Foliar sprayse0
- Outcome
- early yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- in the 4th year after plantinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar sprays increased fruit set and early yields (in the 4th year after planting).”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil or foliar Mg increased green skin colour of Bancroft apples, without changing bitter pit incidence.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Bancrofte0
- Treatment
- Mg applied to the soil or to the leavese0
- Outcome
- green skin colour of Bancroft applese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mg applied to the soil or to the leaves increased the green skin colour of Bancroft apples; it did not affect bitter pit incidence.”
t0“apple trees”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.