Abstract
We tested the capability of plants to utilize protein as the exclusive source of nitrogen. The aim of this study was to find out how such a nutrition affected plantlet growth, photosynthetic performance, and N assimilation metabolism in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L., cv. Petit Havana SR1) grown in vitro. Plantlets grown in a casein-supplemented (CA) medium were compared to plantlets grown in a complete Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium, plantlets grown in an ammonium-deficient medium (N1), or plantlets grown in a nitrate-reduced medium (N2). In addition, the plantlets were grown in the presence or absence of 1.5 % (m/v) saccharose as an additional carbon source. Casein, similarly as inorganic N limitation, reduced generally plantlet growth, whereas no significant effects were observed on photosynthetic parameters evaluated by chlorophyll a fluorescence. Although addition of saccharose stimulated the plantlet growth particularly in the MS, it showed a rather negative influence both on the growth and on the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II in the plantlets grown in the CA and N1. The activities of enzymes involved in N assimilation, such as nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS), were lower in the plantlets grown in the CA, N1, and N2, both in leaves and in roots. On the other hand, glutamate synthase and glutamate dehydrogenase were employed by the plantlets grown in the CA. The presence of saccharose in the growth medium stimulated mainly NR and GS activities in the MS grown plantlets, whereas enzyme activities of the plantlets grown on the N1, N2, and CA were not significantly influenced. We proved that the tobacco plantlets can utilize casein as the sole source of N particularly during their photoautotrophic cultivation. Contrary to positive effects of photomixotrophic nutrition for the MS grown plantlets, exogenous sugar seemed to diminish the ability of the casein-supplemented plantlets to utilize efficiently the additional C source.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Casein medium reduced plantlet growth.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacumt0 - Treatment
- casein-supplemented (CA) mediume1
- Outcome
- plantlet growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- complete Murashige-Skoog (MS) mediume1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Casein, similarly as inorganic N limitation, reduced generally plantlet growth”
e1“Plantlets grown in a casein-supplemented (CA) medium were compared to plantlets grown in a complete Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium”
t0“tobacco plantlets”
Claim · model-written summary
Inorganic nitrogen limitation generally reduced plantlet growth.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- inorganic N limitatione0
- Outcome
- plantlet growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inorganic N limitation, reduced generally plantlet growth”
t0“tobacco plantlets”
Claim · model-written summary
Casein and inorganic nitrogen limitation showed no significant effect on chlorophyll fluorescence photosynthetic parameters.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Casein, similarly as inorganic N limitatione1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic parameters evaluated by chlorophyll a fluorescencee0
- Direction
- no significant effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no significant effects were observed on photosynthetic parameters evaluated by chlorophyll a fluorescence”
e1“Casein, similarly as inorganic N limitation, reduced generally plantlet growth, whereas no significant effects were observed on photosynthetic parameters evaluated by chlorophyll a fluorescence.”
t0“tobacco plantlets”
Claim · model-written summary
Saccharose stimulated growth in MS medium.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- addition of saccharosee0
- Outcome
- plantlet growthe0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Qualifier
- in the MSe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“addition of saccharose stimulated the plantlet growth particularly in the MS”
t0“tobacco plantlets”
Claim · model-written summary
Saccharose negatively affected growth in CA and N1 plantlets.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- saccharosee1
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- negative influencee0
- Qualifier
- in the CA and N1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it showed a rather negative influence both on the growth and on the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II in the plantlets grown in the CA and N1”
e1“addition of saccharose stimulated the plantlet growth particularly in the MS, it showed a rather negative influence”
t0“tobacco plantlets”
Claim · model-written summary
Saccharose negatively affected photosystem II photochemical efficiency in CA and N1 plantlets.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- saccharosee1
- Outcome
- photochemical efficiency of photosystem IIe0
- Direction
- negative influencee0
- Qualifier
- in the CA and N1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it showed a rather negative influence both on the growth and on the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II in the plantlets grown in the CA and N1”
e1“addition of saccharose stimulated the plantlet growth particularly in the MS, it showed a rather negative influence”
t0“tobacco plantlets”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities were lower in CA, N1 and N2 leaves and roots.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and in rootse0
- Treatment
- CA, N1, and N2e0
- Gene
- nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS)e0
- Outcome
- activities of enzymes involved in N assimilatione0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activities of enzymes involved in N assimilation, such as nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS), were lower in the plantlets grown in the CA, N1, and N2, both in leaves and in roots.”
t0“tobacco plantlets”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamate synthase and glutamate dehydrogenase were employed in CA plantlets.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Gene
- glutamate synthase and glutamate dehydrogenasee0
- Outcome
- glutamate synthase and glutamate dehydrogenase were employede0
- Qualifier
- in the CAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glutamate synthase and glutamate dehydrogenase were employed by the plantlets grown in the CA”
t0“tobacco plantlets”
Claim · model-written summary
Saccharose mainly stimulated NR and GS activities in MS plantlets.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- saccharosee0
- Gene
- NR and GSe0
- Outcome
- NR and GS activitiese0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Qualifier
- in the MS grown plantletse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The presence of saccharose in the growth medium stimulated mainly NR and GS activities in the MS grown plantlets”
t0“tobacco plantlets”
Claim · model-written summary
Saccharose did not significantly influence enzyme activities in N1, N2 and CA plantlets.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- saccharosee1
- Outcome
- enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- not significantly influencede0
- Qualifier
- N1, N2, and CAe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enzyme activities of the plantlets grown on the N1, N2, and CA were not significantly influenced”
e1“The presence of saccharose in the growth medium stimulated mainly NR and GS activities”
t0“tobacco plantlets”
Claim · model-written summary
Tobacco plantlets utilized casein as the sole nitrogen source, particularly under photoautotrophic cultivation.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Outcome
- utilize casein as the sole source of Ne0
- Qualifier
- during their photoautotrophic cultivatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the tobacco plantlets can utilize casein as the sole source of N particularly during their photoautotrophic cultivation”
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