Abstract
Field experiments were conducted to find out the influence of organic manures, micronutrients and arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) on the crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR) and yield of maize-sunflower cropping system at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during 2011-12 and 2012-13. The experiment was laid out in Split Plot Design and replicated thrice for maize during winter 2011-12 and 2012-13 and the same experiment after dividing each plot into two was laid out in Split-split Plot Design and replicated thrice for sunflower during summer 2012 and 2013 to find out the crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR) and yield in the residual organic manures as well as micronutrients and arbuscular mycorhiza in the experiment field. During 2011-12, application of poultry manure @ 5 t ha -1 recorded higher crop growth rate (CGR) viz., 24.29 to 24.58 g -2 day -1 (between 30-60 DAS and 60-90 DAS, respectively). Among the micronutrients and AM, ZnSO 4 37.5 kg ha -1 recorded larger crop growth rate (CGR) of 22.25 and 23.37 g -2 day -1 (between 30-60 DAS and 60-90 DAS, respectively). The residual effect of applied poultry manure @ 5 t ha -1 to previous maize crop registered highest crop growth rate of sunflower viz., 13.06 to 5.48 g -2 day -1 (between 30-60 DAS and 60-90 DAS, respectively) regarding the organic manures, higher RGR (0.076 and 0.042 mg g -1 day -1 between 30-60 and 60-90 DAS, respectively) was recorded under poultry manure 5 t ha -1 followed by sericulture waste compost 5 t ha -1 , goatmanure 5t ha -1 and FYM 12.5 t ha -1 . Among the micronutrients and AM treatments, ZnSO 4 37.5 kg ha -1 recorded higher RGR of 0.070 and 0.036 mg g -1 day -1 between 30 -60 and 60 -90 DAS, respectively. In 2012, regarding the organic manures, higher RGR (0.058 and 0.029 mg g -1 day -1 between 30-60 and 60-90 DAS, respectively) was recorded under poultry manure 5 t ha -1 to preceding maize followed by sericulture waste 5 t ha -1 . In the first crop during 2011-12, among the organic manures, poultry manure 5 t ha -1 recorded the highest grain yield of 7230 kg ha 1 . Micronutrients and AM had a positive influence on grain yield of maize. Among the micronutrients, ZnSO 4 37.5 kg ha -1 recorded the highest grain yield (7271 kg ha -1 ). Higher seed yield of sunflower (2086 kg ha -1 ) was recorded under poultry manure 5 t ha -1 applied to preceding maize followed by sericulture waste 5 t ha -1 .
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure produced higher maize crop growth rate at 30–60 DAS, 24.29 g -2 day -1.
- Treatment
- poultry manure @ 5 t ha -1e0
- Outcome
- crop growth ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 24.29e0
- Qualifier
- 30-60 DASe0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During 2011-12, application of poultry manure @ 5 t ha -1 recorded higher crop growth rate (CGR) viz., 24.29 to 24.58 g -2 day -1 (between 30-60 DAS and 60-90 DAS, respectively).”
t0“maize-sunflower cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure produced higher maize crop growth rate at 60–90 DAS, 24.58 g -2 day -1.
- Treatment
- poultry manure @ 5 t ha -1e0
- Outcome
- crop growth ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 24.58 g -2 day -1e0
- Qualifier
- 60-90 DASe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During 2011-12, application of poultry manure @ 5 t ha -1 recorded higher crop growth rate (CGR) viz., 24.29 to 24.58 g -2 day -1 (between 30-60 DAS and 60-90 DAS, respectively).”
t0“maize-sunflower cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc sulfate produced larger maize growth rate at 30–60 DAS, 22.25 g -2 day -1.
- Treatment
- ZnSO 4 37.5 kg ha -1e0
- Outcome
- crop growth ratee0
- Direction
- largere0
- Value
- 22.25e0
- Qualifier
- 30-60 DASe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the micronutrients and AM, ZnSO 4 37.5 kg ha -1 recorded larger crop growth rate (CGR) of 22.25 and 23.37 g -2 day -1 (between 30-60 DAS and 60-90 DAS, respectively).”
t0“maize-sunflower cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc sulfate produced larger maize growth rate at 60–90 DAS, 23.37 g -2 day -1.
- Treatment
- ZnSO 4 37.5 kg ha -1e0
- Outcome
- crop growth ratee0
- Direction
- largere0
- Value
- 23.37 g -2 day -1e0
- Qualifier
- 60-90 DASe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the micronutrients and AM, ZnSO 4 37.5 kg ha -1 recorded larger crop growth rate (CGR) of 22.25 and 23.37 g -2 day -1 (between 30-60 DAS and 60-90 DAS, respectively).”
t0“maize-sunflower cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual poultry manure gave the highest sunflower growth rate at 30–60 DAS, 13.06 g -2 day -1.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Treatment
- poultry manure @ 5 t ha -1e0
- Outcome
- crop growth ratee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 13.06e0
- Qualifier
- 30-60 DASe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The residual effect of applied poultry manure @ 5 t ha -1 to previous maize crop registered highest crop growth rate of sunflower viz., 13.06 to 5.48 g -2 day -1 (between 30-60 DAS and 60-90 DAS, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual poultry manure gave the highest sunflower growth rate at 60–90 DAS, 5.48 g -2 day -1.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- poultry manure @ 5 t ha -1e0
- Outcome
- crop growth ratee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 5.48 g -2 day -1e0
- Qualifier
- 60-90 DASe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The residual effect of applied poultry manure @ 5 t ha -1 to previous maize crop registered highest crop growth rate of sunflower viz., 13.06 to 5.48 g -2 day -1 (between 30-60 DAS and 60-90 DAS, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure gave higher maize RGR at 30–60 DAS, 0.076 mg g -1 day -1, ahead of other manures.
- Treatment
- poultry manure 5 t ha -1e0
- Outcome
- RGRe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.076e0
- Qualifier
- 30-60e0
- Comparator
- sericulture waste composte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher RGR (0.076 and 0.042 mg g -1 day -1 between 30-60 and 60-90 DAS, respectively) was recorded under poultry manure 5 t ha -1 followed by sericulture waste compost 5 t ha -1 , goatmanure 5t ha -1 and FYM 12.5 t ha -1 .”
t0“maize-sunflower cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure gave higher maize RGR at 60–90 DAS, 0.042 mg g -1 day -1.
- Treatment
- poultry manure 5 t ha -1e0
- Outcome
- RGRe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.042 mg g -1 day -1e0
- Qualifier
- 60-90 DASe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher RGR (0.076 and 0.042 mg g -1 day -1 between 30-60 and 60-90 DAS, respectively) was recorded under poultry manure 5 t ha -1 followed by sericulture waste compost 5 t ha -1 , goatmanure 5t ha -1 and FYM 12.5 t ha -1 .”
t0“maize-sunflower cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc sulfate gave higher maize RGR at 30–60 DAS, 0.070 mg g -1 day -1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the micronutrients and AM treatments, ZnSO 4 37.5 kg ha -1 recorded higher RGR of 0.070 and 0.036 mg g -1 day -1 between 30 -60 and 60 -90 DAS, respectively.”
t0“maize-sunflower cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc sulfate gave higher maize RGR at 60–90 DAS, 0.036 mg g -1 day -1.
- Treatment
- ZnSO 4 37.5 kg ha -1e0
- Outcome
- RGRe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.036 mg g -1 day -1e0
- Qualifier
- 60 -90 DASe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the micronutrients and AM treatments, ZnSO 4 37.5 kg ha -1 recorded higher RGR of 0.070 and 0.036 mg g -1 day -1 between 30 -60 and 60 -90 DAS, respectively.”
t0“maize-sunflower cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual poultry manure gave higher sunflower RGR at 30–60 DAS, 0.058 mg g -1 day -1.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- poultry manure 5 t ha -1e0
- Outcome
- RGRe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.058e0
- Qualifier
- 30-60e0
- Comparator
- sericulture wastee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2012, regarding the organic manures, higher RGR (0.058 and 0.029 mg g -1 day -1 between 30-60 and 60-90 DAS, respectively) was recorded under poultry manure 5 t ha -1 to preceding maize followed by sericulture waste 5 t ha -1 .”
t0“maize-sunflower cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual poultry manure gave higher sunflower RGR at 60–90 DAS, 0.029 mg g -1 day -1.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- poultry manure 5 t ha -1e0
- Outcome
- RGRe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.029 mg g -1 day -1e0
- Qualifier
- 60-90 DASe0
- Comparator
- sericulture wastee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2012, regarding the organic manures, higher RGR (0.058 and 0.029 mg g -1 day -1 between 30-60 and 60-90 DAS, respectively) was recorded under poultry manure 5 t ha -1 to preceding maize followed by sericulture waste 5 t ha -1 .”
t0“maize-sunflower cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure gave the highest maize grain yield, 7230 kg ha 1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the first crop during 2011-12, among the organic manures, poultry manure 5 t ha -1 recorded the highest grain yield of 7230 kg ha 1 .”
t0“maize-sunflower cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Micronutrients positively influenced maize grain yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Micronutrients and AM had a positive influence on grain yield of maize.”
Claim · model-written summary
AM positively influenced maize grain yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Micronutrients and AM had a positive influence on grain yield of maize.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc sulfate gave the highest maize grain yield, 7271 kg ha -1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the micronutrients, ZnSO 4 37.5 kg ha -1 recorded the highest grain yield (7271 kg ha -1 ).”
t0“maize-sunflower cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual poultry manure gave higher sunflower seed yield, 2086 kg ha -1, followed by sericulture waste.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- poultry manure 5 t ha -1e0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Value
- 2086 kg ha -1e0
- Comparator
- sericulture wastee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher seed yield of sunflower (2086 kg ha -1 ) was recorded under poultry manure 5 t ha -1 applied to preceding maize followed by sericulture waste 5 t ha -1 .”
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