Abstract
A fruit-set disorder of grape, called Inflorescence Necrosis (IN), causes death of flower cluster tissue near bloom. Various chemical treatments have been reported to increase IN severity. Separate studies show that high flower cluster NH 4+ is related to naturally occurring IN. We designed a field trial to determine if treatments thought to influence IN severity also affect flower cluster NH 4+ . One week before first bloom, flower clusters were dipped in solutions of either methionine sulfoximine (MSO, an inhibitor of NH 4+ assimilation), α-keto glutarate, (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 , KNO 3 , NAA, GA, or an emulsion solution reported to increase transpiration. Also, ethephon was sprayed on whole vines 1 week before first bloom. Flower clusters were collected 5 days after treatment. MSO increased tissue [NH 4+ ] by almost 2-fold over that of controls. NAA and GA reduced [NH 4+ ] a small amount, possibly due to their slightly higher fresh weights. Other dip treatments did not affect [NH 4+ ]. Despite high [NH 4+ ] in MSO treated clusters, there were no visual differences in IN between treatments. Ethephon increased cluster [NH 4+ ] 20% over that of controls, but caused more severe IN. These data show that flower cluster [NH 4+ ] is not always coupled with IN symptoms.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
MSO nearly doubled flower-cluster ammonium relative to controls.
Verbatim
e0“MSO increased tissue [NH 4+ ] by almost 2-fold over that of controls”
t0“Grape”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA slightly reduced flower-cluster ammonium.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“NAA and GA reduced [NH 4+ ] a small amount”
t0“Grape”
Claim · model-written summary
GA slightly reduced flower-cluster ammonium.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“NAA and GA reduced [NH 4+ ] a small amount”
t0“Grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Other dip treatments did not affect flower-cluster ammonium.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Other dip treatments did not affect [NH 4+ ]”
t0“Grape”
Claim · model-written summary
MSO-treated clusters showed no visible difference in inflorescence necrosis among treatments.
Verbatim
e0“Despite high [NH 4+ ] in MSO treated clusters, there were no visual differences in IN between treatments”
t0“Grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon increased flower-cluster ammonium by 20% relative to controls.
Verbatim
e0“Ethephon increased cluster [NH 4+ ] 20% over that of controls”
t0“Grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon caused more severe inflorescence necrosis.
Verbatim
e0“Ethephon increased cluster [NH 4+ ] 20% over that of controls, but caused more severe IN”
t0“Grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower-cluster ammonium was not always coupled to inflorescence-necrosis symptoms.
Verbatim
e0“flower cluster [NH 4+ ] is not always coupled with IN symptoms”
t0“Grape”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.