Abstract
Factors influencing the development of early bunch stem necrosis (EBSN) were studied using fruiting cuttings of Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon grapes. Riesling shaded to 10%. 20%, 50%, and 100% full greenhouse light developed more EBSN than unshaded control, and reducing leaf area of Cabernet Sauvignon held at 50% full greenhouse light further enhanced EBSN development. Reducing irrigation frequency without inducing wilt or leaf fall also increased the disorder in Cabernet Sauvignon. Similarly, reducing nutrient levels to 20% of control promoted EBSN in the same cultivar, and, in a parallel experiment, sprays of foliar nutrients pre-bloom reduced the disorder. Field experiments with Gewürztraminer showed that ethephon and chlormequat applied pre-bloom increased berry set. Only the ethephon treatment increased EBSN. Neither influenced final yield. The level of ethephon-induced EBSN was reduced if bunches were avoided during spraying. These results suggest the disorder is exacerbated by conditions inducing stress and may be mediated by endogenous or exogenous ethylene. They also indicate practical ways to reduce EBSN
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Shading increased early bunch stem necrosis in Riesling grapes.
Verbatim
e0“Riesling shaded to 10%. 20%, 50%, and 100% full greenhouse light developed more EBSN than unshaded control”
e1“Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing leaf area increased EBSN in Cabernet Sauvignon at half greenhouse light.
- Taxon
- grapese1
- Material
- Cabernet Sauvignone0
- Treatment
- reducing leaf areae0
- Outcome
- EBSN developmente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- 50% full greenhouse lighte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“reducing leaf area of Cabernet Sauvignon held at 50% full greenhouse light further enhanced EBSN development”
e1“Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Less frequent irrigation increased EBSN in Cabernet Sauvignon without wilting or leaf fall.
- Taxon
- grapese1
- Material
- Cabernet Sauvignone0
- Treatment
- Reducing irrigation frequencye0
- Outcome
- the disordere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- without inducing wilt or leaf falle0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Reducing irrigation frequency without inducing wilt or leaf fall also increased the disorder in Cabernet Sauvignon”
e1“Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing nutrients to 20% of control promoted EBSN.
Verbatim
e0“reducing nutrient levels to 20% of control promoted EBSN in the same cultivar”
e1“Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Prebloom foliar nutrients reduced EBSN.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“sprays of foliar nutrients pre-bloom reduced the disorder”
e1“Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Prebloom ethephon increased berry set in Gewürztraminer.
- Taxon
- grapese1
- Material
- Gewürztraminere0
- Treatment
- ethephone0
- Outcome
- berry sete0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- Field experimentse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments with Gewürztraminer showed that ethephon and chlormequat applied pre-bloom increased berry set”
e1“Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Prebloom chlormequat increased berry set in Gewürztraminer.
- Taxon
- grapese1
- Material
- Gewürztraminere0
- Treatment
- chlormequate0
- Outcome
- berry sete0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- Field experimentse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments with Gewürztraminer showed that ethephon and chlormequat applied pre-bloom increased berry set”
e1“Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon increased EBSN in Gewürztraminer.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Only the ethephon treatment increased EBSN”
e1“Field experiments with Gewürztraminer”
e2“Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon did not influence final yield.
- Taxon
- grapese2
- Material
- Gewürztraminere1
- Treatment
- ethephon treatmente0
- Outcome
- final yielde0
- Direction
- Neither influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Only the ethephon treatment increased EBSN. Neither influenced final yield”
e1“Field experiments with Gewürztraminer”
e2“Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlormequat did not influence final yield.
- Taxon
- grapese2
- Material
- Gewürztraminere1
- Treatment
- chlormequate0
- Outcome
- final yielde0
- Direction
- Neither influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“ethephon and chlormequat applied pre-bloom increased berry set. Only the ethephon treatment increased EBSN. Neither influenced final yield”
e1“Field experiments with Gewürztraminer”
e2“Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Avoiding bunches during spraying reduced ethephon-induced EBSN.
- Taxon
- grapese1
- Treatment
- bunches were avoided during sprayinge0
- Outcome
- ethephon-induced EBSNe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The level of ethephon-induced EBSN was reduced if bunches were avoided during spraying”
e1“Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that stress exacerbates EBSN and ethylene may mediate it.
Verbatim
e0“the disorder is exacerbated by conditions inducing stress and may be mediated by endogenous or exogenous ethylene”
e1“Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon grapes”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.