Abstract
Nitrogen (N) application plays an important role in rice production. Limited attention has already been paid to optimizing N fertilizer management strategy for higher grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of rice with crop residue incorporation. Field experiments were conducted with the objective to determine the response of several N application methods to rice production and to evaluate their NUE. Three N fertilizer application methods, i.e., local farmers' N fertilizer practice (FNP), modified farmers' N fertilizer practice (MNP), and increased the amount of N fertilizer practice (INP), were adopted with zero N application as control (CK). The results showed that, compared with that under FNP, grain yield was significantly higher under MFP, owing to signficantly enhanced total spikelets as a result of more panicles per unit area. Relative to FNP, MNP markedly increased nitrogen agronomic efficiency (AEN), nitrogen recovery efficiency (REN), nitrogen physiological efficiency (PEN) and nitrogen partial factor productivity (PFPN), but AEN, PEN and PFPN of INP were significantly lower. Further analysis showed that the number of tiller, leaf area index, aboveground biomass, SPAD value, plant N content and N uptake at the early vegetative stage were improved significantly under MNP compared to those under FNP, contributing to higher total aboveground biomass and total N uptake.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
MFP had significantly higher rice grain yield than FNP.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“compared with that under FNP, grain yield was significantly higher under MFP”
Claim · model-written summary
MFP significantly enhanced total spikelets, attributed to more panicles per unit area.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- MFPe1
- Outcome
- total spikeletse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- more panicles per unit areae0
- Comparator
- FNPe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“signficantly enhanced total spikelets as a result of more panicles per unit area”
e1“compared with that under FNP, grain yield was significantly higher under MFP”
Claim · model-written summary
MNP markedly increased nitrogen agronomic efficiency relative to FNP.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MNPe0
- Outcome
- nitrogen agronomic efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- FNPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Relative to FNP, MNP markedly increased nitrogen agronomic efficiency (AEN), nitrogen recovery efficiency (REN), nitrogen physiological efficiency (PEN) and nitrogen partial factor productivity (PFPN)”
Claim · model-written summary
MNP markedly increased nitrogen recovery efficiency relative to FNP.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MNPe0
- Outcome
- nitrogen recovery efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- FNPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Relative to FNP, MNP markedly increased nitrogen agronomic efficiency (AEN), nitrogen recovery efficiency (REN), nitrogen physiological efficiency (PEN) and nitrogen partial factor productivity (PFPN)”
Claim · model-written summary
MNP markedly increased nitrogen physiological efficiency relative to FNP.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MNPe0
- Outcome
- nitrogen physiological efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- FNPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Relative to FNP, MNP markedly increased nitrogen agronomic efficiency (AEN), nitrogen recovery efficiency (REN), nitrogen physiological efficiency (PEN) and nitrogen partial factor productivity (PFPN)”
Claim · model-written summary
MNP markedly increased nitrogen partial factor productivity relative to FNP.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MNPe0
- Outcome
- nitrogen partial factor productivitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- FNPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Relative to FNP, MNP markedly increased nitrogen agronomic efficiency (AEN), nitrogen recovery efficiency (REN), nitrogen physiological efficiency (PEN) and nitrogen partial factor productivity (PFPN)”
Claim · model-written summary
INP had significantly lower AEN, PEN and PFPN than FNP.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“but AEN, PEN and PFPN of INP were significantly lower”
e1“Relative to FNP, MNP markedly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
MNP significantly improved tiller number and leaf area index at the early vegetative stage.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- early vegetative stagee0
- Treatment
- MNPe0
- Outcome
- number of tiller, leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- FNPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“the number of tiller, leaf area index, aboveground biomass, SPAD value, plant N content and N uptake at the early vegetative stage were improved significantly under MNP compared to those under FNP”
Claim · model-written summary
MNP significantly improved aboveground biomass, SPAD value and plant N content at the early vegetative stage.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- early vegetative stagee0
- Treatment
- MNPe0
- Outcome
- aboveground biomass, SPAD value, plant N contente0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- FNPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“the number of tiller, leaf area index, aboveground biomass, SPAD value, plant N content and N uptake at the early vegetative stage were improved significantly under MNP compared to those under FNP”
Claim · model-written summary
MNP significantly improved N uptake at the early vegetative stage.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- early vegetative stagee0
- Treatment
- MNPe0
- Outcome
- N uptakee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- FNPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“N uptake at the early vegetative stage were improved significantly under MNP compared to those under FNP”
Claim · model-written summary
MNP contributed to higher total aboveground biomass and total N uptake.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MNPe1
- Outcome
- total aboveground biomass and total N uptakee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- FNPe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“contributing to higher total aboveground biomass and total N uptake”
e1“under MNP compared to those under FNP”
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