Abstract
Increasing soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] productivity will require a comprehensive understanding of the agronomic, nutritional, and genetic factors that influence soybean yield. Despite recent agricultural innovations, there is a common perception that soybean yields have reached a plateau. While most producers overlook the fertility needs of soybean, others believe that improved nutritional management may hold promise for improving soybean productivity. The synergy between adequate nutrient availability in combination with complementary agronomic practices, may be necessary to realize the genetic yield potential of soybean. For these reasons, the objective of this research was to quantify how agronomic and nutritional management practices can be employed to improve soybean productivity which encompasses four research areas: What are the nutritional needs of current soybean cultivars which frequently realize higher yields now than ever before? Research was conducted to quantify the macro- and micronutrient needs of modern soybean cultivars. Nutrients exhibited variation in their uptake, partitioning, and remobilization and presented data should be considered relevant for producers who target or achieve a yield level of 3500 kg ha-1 or higher. Current soybean varieties also exhibited greater dry weight harvest index values relative to previous research which has concomitantly influenced the rate, duration, and partitioning of nutrient accumulation in soybean. Collectively, these findings emphasize the importance of season-long nutrient availability to most effectively meet soybean fertility needs. Can management practices be designed to supply these nutritional needs and achieve improved soybean productivity? Quantification of soybean fertility needs highlighted the importance of phosphate availability, and when supplied as one of five categorical management factors, significant yield increases were realized. Other factors including variety selection, seed treatment, foliar fungicide and insecticide use, and row spacing configuration contributed to improved soybean productivity across a range of environments. An additional study provided in-season applications of N, K, and S using a subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) system and improved seed yield by as much as 357 kg ha-1. Do other agronomic decisions such as variety selection influence the responsiveness to nutrient supply? Results indicated that variety selection significantly influences the outcome of nutritional and agronomic treatments. The value of fertilization, foliar fungicide and insecticide, and seed treatment practices were as much as two-fold greater when applied to fuller season varieties. Additional findings determined that varietal selection cannot be based on RM alone and that classifying varieties based on their responsiveness to nutrient supply was predictive of their response to supplemental agronomic management. What physiological basis exists to support these management-induced productivity improvements? Soybean’s indeterminate growth habit and compensatory nature between yield components emphasize the complexity of yield determination in soybean. As a result, a more thorough understanding of seed number and seed mass establishment was conducted within the canopy to identify how source and/or sink related factors may limit yield. Fertilization and foliar leaf protection treatments significantly improved yield through different, canopy-dependent, yield component strategies. Responses differed among cultivars which underscore the importance of variety selection and agronomic management as a concerted effort for improved soybean productivity.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrients varied in uptake, partitioning and remobilization.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Outcome
- uptake, partitioning, and remobilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“Nutrients exhibited variation in their uptake, partitioning, and remobilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Current varieties had greater dry weight harvest index than prior research.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- Current soybean varietiese0
- Outcome
- dry weight harvest index valuese0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- previous researche0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Current soybean varieties also exhibited greater dry weight harvest index values relative to previous research”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphate availability significantly increased yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- phosphate availabilitye0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“phosphate availability, and when supplied as one of five categorical management factors, significant yield increases were realized”
Claim · model-written summary
Variety selection improved soybean productivity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- variety selectione0
- Outcome
- soybean productivitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“variety selection, seed treatment, foliar fungicide and insecticide use, and row spacing configuration contributed to improved soybean productivity across a range of environments”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment improved soybean productivity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- seed treatmente0
- Outcome
- soybean productivitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“variety selection, seed treatment, foliar fungicide and insecticide use, and row spacing configuration contributed to improved soybean productivity across a range of environments”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fungicide and insecticide use improved soybean productivity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- foliar fungicide and insecticide usee0
- Outcome
- soybean productivitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“variety selection, seed treatment, foliar fungicide and insecticide use, and row spacing configuration contributed to improved soybean productivity across a range of environments”
Claim · model-written summary
Row spacing improved soybean productivity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- row spacing configuratione0
- Outcome
- soybean productivitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“variety selection, seed treatment, foliar fungicide and insecticide use, and row spacing configuration contributed to improved soybean productivity across a range of environments”
Claim · model-written summary
In-season nitrogen, potassium and sulfur via drip irrigation improved seed yield by up to 357 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- in-season applications of N, K, and S using a subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) systeme0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 357 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“in-season applications of N, K, and S using a subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) system and improved seed yield by as much as 357 kg ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Variety selection significantly influenced response to nutritional and agronomic treatments.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- variety selectione0
- Outcome
- outcome of nutritional and agronomic treatmentse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“variety selection significantly influences the outcome of nutritional and agronomic treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization value was up to twofold greater in fuller season varieties.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- fuller season varietiese0
- Treatment
- fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- value of fertilizatione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- two-folde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“The value of fertilization, foliar fungicide and insecticide, and seed treatment practices were as much as two-fold greater when applied to fuller season varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fungicide and insecticide value was up to twofold greater in fuller season varieties.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- fuller season varietiese0
- Treatment
- foliar fungicide and insecticidee0
- Outcome
- value of fertilization, foliar fungicide and insecticidee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- two-folde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“The value of fertilization, foliar fungicide and insecticide, and seed treatment practices were as much as two-fold greater when applied to fuller season varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment value was up to twofold greater in fuller season varieties.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- fuller season varietiese0
- Treatment
- seed treatment practicese0
- Outcome
- value of fertilization, foliar fungicide and insecticide, and seed treatment practicese0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- two-folde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“The value of fertilization, foliar fungicide and insecticide, and seed treatment practices were as much as two-fold greater when applied to fuller season varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient responsiveness predicted response to supplemental agronomic management.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- response to supplemental agronomic managemente0
- Comparator
- responsiveness to nutrient supplye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“classifying varieties based on their responsiveness to nutrient supply was predictive of their response to supplemental agronomic management”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization significantly improved yield through canopy-dependent yield components.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“Fertilization and foliar leaf protection treatments significantly improved yield through different, canopy-dependent, yield component strategies”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar leaf protection significantly improved yield through canopy-dependent yield components.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar leaf protection treatmentse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“Fertilization and foliar leaf protection treatments significantly improved yield through different, canopy-dependent, yield component strategies”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield responses differed among cultivars.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- cultivarse0
- Outcome
- Responsese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“Responses differed among cultivars”
The same questions in other papers
insecticide · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
38 papers in the same direction as this paper · 29 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
64 papers more in this group
See all 68 papers →fungicide · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
76 papers in the same direction as this paper · 31 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
105 papers more in this group
See all 109 papers →seed treatment · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
136 papers in the same direction as this paper · 31 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
164 papers more in this group
See all 168 papers →density · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
206 papers in the same direction as this paper · 94 in the opposite direction · 4 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
301 papers more in this group
See all 305 papers →irrigation · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
263 papers in the same direction as this paper · 72 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
339 papers more in this group
See all 343 papers →phosphorus · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
302 papers in the same direction as this paper · 42 in the opposite direction · 10 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
351 papers more in this group
See all 355 papers →application · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
331 papers in the same direction as this paper · 66 in the opposite direction · 6 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
400 papers more in this group
See all 404 papers →nitrogen · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
317 papers in the same direction as this paper · 91 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
412 papers more in this group
See all 416 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.