Abstract
Boron (B) is an essential microelement for vascular plant development, but its toxicity is a major problem affecting crop yields in arid and semi-arid areas of the world. In the literature, several genes involved in abscisic acid (ABA) signalling and responses are upregulated in Arabidopsis roots after treatment with excess B. It is known that the AtNCED3 gene, which encodes a crucial enzyme for ABA biosynthesis, plays a key role in the plant response to drought stress. In this study, root AtNCED3 expression and shoot ABA content were rapidly increased in wild-type plants upon B-toxicity treatment. The Arabidopsis ABA-deficient nced3-2 mutant had higher transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and accumulated more B in their shoots than wild-type plants, facts that were associated with the lower levels of ABA in this mutant. However, in wild-type plants, B toxicity caused a significant reduction in stomatal conductance, resulting in a decreased transpiration rate. This response could be a mechanism to limit the transport of excess B from the roots to the leaves under B toxicity. In agreement with the higher transpiration rate of the nced3-2 mutant, this genotype showed an increased leaf B concentration and damage upon exposure to 5 mM B. Under B toxicity, ABA application decreased B accumulation in wild-type and nced3-2 plants. In summary, this work shows that excess B applied to the roots leads to rapid changes in AtNCED3 expression and gas exchange parameters that would contribute to restrain the B entry into the leaves, this effect being mediated by ABA.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Excess boron rapidly increased root AtNCED3 expression in wild-type plants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis plantst0
- Material
- wild-type plantse0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- B-toxicity treatmente0
- Gene
- AtNCED3e0
- Outcome
- root AtNCED3 expressione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“root AtNCED3 expression and shoot ABA content were rapidly increased in wild-type plants upon B-toxicity treatment”
t0“Arabidopsis plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess boron rapidly increased shoot ABA content in wild-type plants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis plantst0
- Material
- wild-type plantse0
- Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Treatment
- B-toxicity treatmente0
- Outcome
- shoot ABA contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“root AtNCED3 expression and shoot ABA content were rapidly increased in wild-type plants upon B-toxicity treatment”
t0“Arabidopsis plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The nced3-2 mutant had higher transpiration rate than wild type.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Material
- nced3-2 mutante0
- Outcome
- transpiration ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Arabidopsis ABA-deficient nced3-2 mutant had higher transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and accumulated more B in their shoots than wild-type plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The nced3-2 mutant had higher stomatal conductance than wild type.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- nced3-2 mutante0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Arabidopsis ABA-deficient nced3-2 mutant had higher transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and accumulated more B in their shoots than wild-type plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The nced3-2 mutant accumulated more boron in shoots than wild type.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- nced3-2 mutante0
- Outcome
- B in their shootse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Arabidopsis ABA-deficient nced3-2 mutant had higher transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and accumulated more B in their shoots than wild-type plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher transpiration and shoot boron in the nced3-2 mutant were associated with lower ABA.
Verbatim
e0“facts that were associated with the lower levels of ABA in this mutant”
t0“Arabidopsis plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron toxicity significantly reduced stomatal conductance in wild-type plants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis plantst0
- Material
- wild-type plantse0
- Treatment
- B toxicitye0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“in wild-type plants, B toxicity caused a significant reduction in stomatal conductance”
t0“Arabidopsis plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron toxicity decreased transpiration rate in wild-type plants.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“B toxicity caused a significant reduction in stomatal conductance, resulting in a decreased transpiration rate”
t0“Arabidopsis plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The nced3-2 mutant showed increased leaf boron concentration upon exposure to 5 mM boron.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis plantst0
- Material
- this genotypee0
- Treatment
- exposure to 5 mM Be0
- Outcome
- leaf B concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“this genotype showed an increased leaf B concentration and damage upon exposure to 5 mM B”
t0“Arabidopsis plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The nced3-2 mutant showed leaf damage upon exposure to 5 mM boron.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“this genotype showed an increased leaf B concentration and damage upon exposure to 5 mM B”
t0“Arabidopsis plants”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA application reduced boron accumulation in wild-type plants under boron toxicity.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis plantst0
- Material
- wild-typee0
- Treatment
- ABA applicatione0
- Outcome
- B accumulatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- Under B toxicitye0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Under B toxicity, ABA application decreased B accumulation in wild-type and nced3-2 plants”
t0“Arabidopsis plants”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA application reduced boron accumulation in nced3-2 plants under boron toxicity.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis plantst0
- Material
- nced3-2e0
- Treatment
- ABA applicatione0
- Outcome
- B accumulatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- Under B toxicitye0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Under B toxicity, ABA application decreased B accumulation in wild-type and nced3-2 plants”
t0“Arabidopsis plants”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA may mediate reduced entry of excess boron into leaves through gas exchange changes.
Verbatim
e0“rapid changes in AtNCED3 expression and gas exchange parameters that would contribute to restrain the B entry into the leaves, this effect being mediated by ABA”
t0“Arabidopsis plants”
The same questions in other papers
(+)-abscisic acid · nutrient: content · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.