Abstract
Nutrient solubilisation efficiency, plant growth promoting traits and antagonistic effects of Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum were studied in the laboratory and screen house during 2010-11 at Hyderabad, India. Plate agar assay indicated varied solubilisation level when the media was blended with zinc carbonate (35.6%), zinc oxide (31.1%), k-bentonite (23%), rock phosphate (19.8%), tricalcium phosphate (3.1%) and zinc sulphide (0.0%). The release of available zinc is high (17.4 ppm) on day-12 when the test organism was grown in liquid media blended with zinc carbonate. The media pH was inversely proportional to the amount of nutrients solubilised on day-12. B. megaterium var. phosphaticum is found to produce plant growth promoting substances like biofilm and chitinase enzymes (strong), giberrellic acids and siderophores (moderate) and indole acetic acid (weak). Confrontation assay confirmed it’s strong antagonistic activity against Rhizoctonia solani (41%), Macrophomina phaseolina (42%), Sclerotium rolfsii (27%) and Fusarium oxysporum (40%). The production of siderophores and chitinase enzymes justifies the strong antagonistic activity against these fungal pathogens. Potted plant assay using sunflower, Helianthus annuus as the test crop indicated superior plant growth and photosynthetic activities in treatment with B. megaterium var. phosphaticum + 75% of recommended chemical fertilizer dose as compared to treatment with 100% chemical fertilizers. It also improved significantly the uptake of nitrogen (7.97mg/100g dry mass), phosphate (3.41mg/100g dry mass), potash (38.12mg/100g dry mass), zinc (184mg/100g dry mass), iron (743mg/100g dry mass) and manganese (138mg/100g dry mass) as compared to treatments with 100% B. megaterium var. phosphaticum, 100% chemical fertilizers and untreated control. The findings of current study suggest reduction of 25% recommended dose of chemical fertilizers in combination with B. megaterium var. phosphaticum as seed dresser and soil application.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus megaterium solubilized zinc carbonate at 35.6%.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse1 - Treatment
- zinc carbonatee0
- Interactor
- Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum
Priestia megateriume2symbiont - Outcome
- solubilisation levele0
- Value
- 35.6%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plate agar assay indicated varied solubilisation level when the media was blended with zinc carbonate (35.6%), zinc oxide (31.1%), k-bentonite (23%), rock phosphate (19.8%), tricalcium phosphate (3.1%) and zinc sulphide (0.0%).”
e1“sunflower, Helianthus annuus”
e2“Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum were studied”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus megaterium solubilized zinc oxide at 31.1%.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- zinc oxidee0
- Interactor
- Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticumPriestia megateriume2symbiont
- Outcome
- solubilisation levele0
- Value
- 31.1%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plate agar assay indicated varied solubilisation level when the media was blended with zinc carbonate (35.6%), zinc oxide (31.1%), k-bentonite (23%), rock phosphate (19.8%), tricalcium phosphate (3.1%) and zinc sulphide (0.0%).”
e1“sunflower, Helianthus annuus”
e2“Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum were studied”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus megaterium solubilized k-bentonite at 23%.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- k-bentonitee0
- Interactor
- Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticumPriestia megateriume2symbiont
- Outcome
- solubilisation levele0
- Value
- 23%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plate agar assay indicated varied solubilisation level when the media was blended with zinc carbonate (35.6%), zinc oxide (31.1%), k-bentonite (23%), rock phosphate (19.8%), tricalcium phosphate (3.1%) and zinc sulphide (0.0%).”
e1“sunflower, Helianthus annuus”
e2“Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum were studied”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus megaterium solubilized rock phosphate at 19.8%.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- rock phosphatee0
- Interactor
- Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticumPriestia megateriume2symbiont
- Outcome
- solubilisation levele0
- Value
- 19.8%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plate agar assay indicated varied solubilisation level when the media was blended with zinc carbonate (35.6%), zinc oxide (31.1%), k-bentonite (23%), rock phosphate (19.8%), tricalcium phosphate (3.1%) and zinc sulphide (0.0%).”
e1“sunflower, Helianthus annuus”
e2“Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum were studied”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus megaterium solubilized tricalcium phosphate at 3.1%.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- tricalcium phosphatee0
- Interactor
- Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticumPriestia megateriume2symbiont
- Outcome
- solubilisation levele0
- Value
- 3.1%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plate agar assay indicated varied solubilisation level when the media was blended with zinc carbonate (35.6%), zinc oxide (31.1%), k-bentonite (23%), rock phosphate (19.8%), tricalcium phosphate (3.1%) and zinc sulphide (0.0%).”
e1“sunflower, Helianthus annuus”
e2“Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum were studied”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus megaterium did not solubilize zinc sulphide.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- zinc sulphidee0
- Interactor
- Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticumPriestia megateriume2symbiont
- Outcome
- solubilisation levele0
- Value
- 0.0%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plate agar assay indicated varied solubilisation level when the media was blended with zinc carbonate (35.6%), zinc oxide (31.1%), k-bentonite (23%), rock phosphate (19.8%), tricalcium phosphate (3.1%) and zinc sulphide (0.0%).”
e1“sunflower, Helianthus annuus”
e2“Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum were studied”
Claim · model-written summary
Available zinc release reached 17.4 ppm on day 12 in zinc carbonate medium.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- zinc carbonatee0
- Interactor
- Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticumPriestia megateriume2symbiont
- Outcome
- release of available zince0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 17.4 ppme0
- Qualifier
- day-12e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The release of available zinc is high (17.4 ppm) on day-12 when the test organism was grown in liquid media blended with zinc carbonate.”
e1“sunflower, Helianthus annuus”
e2“Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum were studied”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium pH was inversely associated with nutrients solubilized on day 12.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Outcome
- amount of nutrients solubilisede0
- Direction
- inversely proportionale0
- Qualifier
- day-12e0
- Setting
- mediae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The media pH was inversely proportional to the amount of nutrients solubilised on day-12.”
e1“sunflower, Helianthus annuus”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus megaterium produced biofilm and chitinase strongly, gibberellic acids and siderophores moderately, and IAA weakly.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Interactor
- B. megaterium var. phosphaticumPriestia megateriume0symbiont
- Outcome
- biofilm and chitinase enzymese0
- Qualifier
- stronge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. megaterium var. phosphaticum is found to produce plant growth promoting substances like biofilm and chitinase enzymes (strong), giberrellic acids and siderophores (moderate) and indole acetic acid (weak).”
e1“sunflower, Helianthus annuus”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus megaterium inhibited Rhizoctonia solani by 41%.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solani
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Second interactor
- Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticumPriestia megateriume2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- antagonistic activity against Rhizoctonia solanie0
- Value
- 41%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Confrontation assay confirmed it’s strong antagonistic activity against Rhizoctonia solani (41%), Macrophomina phaseolina (42%), Sclerotium rolfsii (27%) and Fusarium oxysporum (40%).”
e1“sunflower, Helianthus annuus”
e2“Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum were studied”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus megaterium inhibited Macrophomina phaseolina by 42%.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolina
Macrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen - Second interactor
- Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticumPriestia megateriume2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- antagonistic activity against Rhizoctonia solani (41%), Macrophomina phaseolinae0
- Value
- 42%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Confrontation assay confirmed it’s strong antagonistic activity against Rhizoctonia solani (41%), Macrophomina phaseolina (42%), Sclerotium rolfsii (27%) and Fusarium oxysporum (40%).”
e1“sunflower, Helianthus annuus”
e2“Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum were studied”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus megaterium inhibited Sclerotium rolfsii by 27%.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Interactor
- Sclerotium rolfsii
Agroathelia rolfsiie0pathogen - Second interactor
- Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticumPriestia megateriume2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- antagonistic activitye0
- Value
- 27%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Confrontation assay confirmed it’s strong antagonistic activity against Rhizoctonia solani (41%), Macrophomina phaseolina (42%), Sclerotium rolfsii (27%) and Fusarium oxysporum (40%).”
e1“sunflower, Helianthus annuus”
e2“Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum were studied”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus megaterium inhibited Fusarium oxysporum by 40%.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume0pathogen - Second interactor
- Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticumPriestia megateriume2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- antagonistic activitye0
- Value
- 40%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Confrontation assay confirmed it’s strong antagonistic activity against Rhizoctonia solani (41%), Macrophomina phaseolina (42%), Sclerotium rolfsii (27%) and Fusarium oxysporum (40%).”
e1“sunflower, Helianthus annuus”
e2“Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum were studied”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus with 75% recommended fertilizer gave superior sunflower growth and photosynthesis versus full fertilizer.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- B. megaterium var. phosphaticum + 75% of recommended chemical fertilizer dosee0
- Interactor
- B. megaterium var. phosphaticumPriestia megateriume0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growth and photosynthetic activitiese0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- 100% chemical fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potted plant assay using sunflower, Helianthus annuus as the test crop indicated superior plant growth and photosynthetic activities in treatment with B. megaterium var. phosphaticum + 75% of recommended chemical fertilizer dose as compared to treatment with 100% chemical fertilizers.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus plus reduced fertilizer significantly improved sunflower nitrogen uptake to 7.97mg/100g dry mass.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- B. megaterium var. phosphaticum + 75% of recommended chemical fertilizer dosee2
- Interactor
- B. megaterium var. phosphaticumPriestia megateriume2symbiont
- Outcome
- uptake of nitrogene0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 7.97mg/100g dry masse0
- Comparator
- 100% chemical fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It also improved significantly the uptake of nitrogen (7.97mg/100g dry mass), phosphate (3.41mg/100g dry mass), potash (38.12mg/100g dry mass), zinc (184mg/100g dry mass), iron (743mg/100g dry mass) and manganese (138mg/100g dry mass) as compared to treatments with 100% B. megaterium var. phosphaticum, 100% chemical fertilizers and untreated control.”
e1“sunflower, Helianthus annuus”
e2“treatment with B. megaterium var. phosphaticum + 75% of recommended chemical fertilizer dose”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus plus reduced fertilizer significantly improved phosphate uptake to 3.41mg/100g dry mass.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- B. megaterium var. phosphaticum + 75% of recommended chemical fertilizer dosee2
- Interactor
- B. megaterium var. phosphaticumPriestia megateriume2symbiont
- Outcome
- uptake of nitrogen (7.97mg/100g dry mass), phosphatee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 3.41mg/100g dry masse0
- Comparator
- 100% chemical fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It also improved significantly the uptake of nitrogen (7.97mg/100g dry mass), phosphate (3.41mg/100g dry mass), potash (38.12mg/100g dry mass), zinc (184mg/100g dry mass), iron (743mg/100g dry mass) and manganese (138mg/100g dry mass) as compared to treatments with 100% B. megaterium var. phosphaticum, 100% chemical fertilizers and untreated control.”
e1“sunflower, Helianthus annuus”
e2“treatment with B. megaterium var. phosphaticum + 75% of recommended chemical fertilizer dose”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus plus reduced fertilizer significantly improved potash uptake to 38.12mg/100g dry mass.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- B. megaterium var. phosphaticum + 75% of recommended chemical fertilizer dosee2
- Interactor
- B. megaterium var. phosphaticumPriestia megateriume2symbiont
- Outcome
- potashe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 38.12mg/100g dry masse0
- Comparator
- 100% chemical fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It also improved significantly the uptake of nitrogen (7.97mg/100g dry mass), phosphate (3.41mg/100g dry mass), potash (38.12mg/100g dry mass), zinc (184mg/100g dry mass), iron (743mg/100g dry mass) and manganese (138mg/100g dry mass) as compared to treatments with 100% B. megaterium var. phosphaticum, 100% chemical fertilizers and untreated control.”
e1“sunflower, Helianthus annuus”
e2“treatment with B. megaterium var. phosphaticum + 75% of recommended chemical fertilizer dose”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus plus reduced fertilizer significantly improved zinc uptake to 184mg/100g dry mass.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- B. megaterium var. phosphaticum + 75% of recommended chemical fertilizer dosee2
- Interactor
- B. megaterium var. phosphaticumPriestia megateriume2symbiont
- Outcome
- zince0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 184mg/100g dry masse0
- Comparator
- 100% chemical fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It also improved significantly the uptake of nitrogen (7.97mg/100g dry mass), phosphate (3.41mg/100g dry mass), potash (38.12mg/100g dry mass), zinc (184mg/100g dry mass), iron (743mg/100g dry mass) and manganese (138mg/100g dry mass) as compared to treatments with 100% B. megaterium var. phosphaticum, 100% chemical fertilizers and untreated control.”
e1“sunflower, Helianthus annuus”
e2“treatment with B. megaterium var. phosphaticum + 75% of recommended chemical fertilizer dose”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus plus reduced fertilizer significantly improved iron uptake to 743mg/100g dry mass.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- B. megaterium var. phosphaticum + 75% of recommended chemical fertilizer dosee2
- Interactor
- B. megaterium var. phosphaticumPriestia megateriume2symbiont
- Outcome
- irone0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 743mg/100g dry masse0
- Comparator
- 100% chemical fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It also improved significantly the uptake of nitrogen (7.97mg/100g dry mass), phosphate (3.41mg/100g dry mass), potash (38.12mg/100g dry mass), zinc (184mg/100g dry mass), iron (743mg/100g dry mass) and manganese (138mg/100g dry mass) as compared to treatments with 100% B. megaterium var. phosphaticum, 100% chemical fertilizers and untreated control.”
e1“sunflower, Helianthus annuus”
e2“treatment with B. megaterium var. phosphaticum + 75% of recommended chemical fertilizer dose”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus plus reduced fertilizer significantly improved manganese uptake to 138mg/100g dry mass.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- B. megaterium var. phosphaticum + 75% of recommended chemical fertilizer dosee2
- Interactor
- B. megaterium var. phosphaticumPriestia megateriume2symbiont
- Outcome
- manganesee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 138mg/100g dry masse0
- Comparator
- 100% chemical fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It also improved significantly the uptake of nitrogen (7.97mg/100g dry mass), phosphate (3.41mg/100g dry mass), potash (38.12mg/100g dry mass), zinc (184mg/100g dry mass), iron (743mg/100g dry mass) and manganese (138mg/100g dry mass) as compared to treatments with 100% B. megaterium var. phosphaticum, 100% chemical fertilizers and untreated control.”
e1“sunflower, Helianthus annuus”
e2“treatment with B. megaterium var. phosphaticum + 75% of recommended chemical fertilizer dose”
The same questions in other papers
Priestia megaterium · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
Priestia megaterium · nutrient: content · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
fertilization · molecular: metabolites · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
19 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →fertilization · nutrient: content · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
63 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
67 papers more in this group
See all 71 papers →fertilization · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
133 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
142 papers more in this group
See all 146 papers →fertilization · physiology: photosynthesis · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
12 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.