Abstract
A 2-year field experiment was conducted to determine crop yield and N use efficiency (NUE) from a saline–sodic soil (clay loam) with and without application of gypsum. Treatments included two N application rates (15% and 30%) higher than the recommended one to the normal soil, and gypsum added at 50% and 100% of soil gypsum requirement (SGR) to the saline–sodic soil, both cultivated with rice and wheat during 2011–2013. Results revealed a decrease in pH of saturated soil paste (pHs), electrical conductivity of saturation extract (ECe), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium percentage with N fertilizer along with gypsum application in saline–sodic soil. However, the effect was most prominent when gypsum was added at 50% of SGR. Crop yield and NUE remained significantly lower (p < 0.05) in saline–sodic-soils as compared to normal soil. However, gypsum application reduced this difference from 47% to 17% since both yield and NUE increased considerably. Crop yield and NUE remained higher for wheat than for rice. During first year, higher doses of N with gypsum application at 50% SGR proved most effective, whereas, in subsequent year, recommended N along with gypsum at 50% SGR became more profitable. All these results lead us to conclude that gypsum application can ameliorate saline–sodic soil thereby increasing crop yield and NUE.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer with gypsum decreased soil pH, conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio and exchangeable sodium percentage.
- Taxon
- rice–wheat
Oryza sativa
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- N fertilizer along with gypsum applicatione0
- Outcome
- pH of saturated soil paste (pHs), electrical conductivity of saturation extract (ECe), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium percentagee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a decrease in pH of saturated soil paste (pHs), electrical conductivity of saturation extract (ECe), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium percentage with N fertilizer along with gypsum application in saline–sodic soil”
t0“rice–wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The soil effect was most prominent at 50% of the soil gypsum requirement.
- Taxon
- rice–wheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- gypsum was added at 50% of SGRe0
- Outcome
- effect was most prominente0
- Direction
- most prominente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect was most prominent when gypsum was added at 50% of SGR”
t0“rice–wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop yield was significantly lower in saline-sodic soil than normal soil.
- Taxon
- rice–wheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Crop yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- normal soile0
- Setting
- saline–sodic-soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crop yield and NUE remained significantly lower (p < 0.05) in saline–sodic-soils as compared to normal soil”
t0“rice–wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen use efficiency was significantly lower in saline-sodic soil than normal soil.
- Taxon
- rice–wheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- NUEe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- normal soile0
- Setting
- saline–sodic-soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crop yield and NUE remained significantly lower (p < 0.05) in saline–sodic-soils as compared to normal soil”
t0“rice–wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum reduced the yield and efficiency difference from 47% to 17%.
- Taxon
- rice–wheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- gypsum applicatione0
- Outcome
- differencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 47% to 17%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gypsum application reduced this difference from 47% to 17% since both yield and NUE increased considerably”
t0“rice–wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum increased yield considerably.
- Taxon
- rice–wheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- gypsum applicatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gypsum application reduced this difference from 47% to 17% since both yield and NUE increased considerably”
t0“rice–wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum increased nitrogen use efficiency considerably.
- Taxon
- rice–wheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- gypsum applicatione0
- Outcome
- NUEe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gypsum application reduced this difference from 47% to 17% since both yield and NUE increased considerably”
t0“rice–wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop yield was higher for wheat than rice.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- Crop yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- ricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crop yield and NUE remained higher for wheat than for rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen use efficiency was higher for wheat than rice.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- NUEe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- ricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crop yield and NUE remained higher for wheat than for rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen doses with 50% gypsum requirement were most effective in the first year.
- Taxon
- rice–wheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- higher doses of N with gypsum application at 50% SGRe0
- Outcome
- proved most effectivee0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During first year, higher doses of N with gypsum application at 50% SGR proved most effective”
t0“rice–wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Recommended nitrogen with 50% gypsum requirement was more profitable in the subsequent year.
- Taxon
- rice–wheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- recommended N along with gypsum at 50% SGRe0
- Outcome
- profitablee0
- Direction
- more profitablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in subsequent year, recommended N along with gypsum at 50% SGR became more profitable”
t0“rice–wheat”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.