Abstract
In vitro regeneration by shoot organogenesis and-or somatic embryogenesis is accomplished by culturing the explants on a nutrient medium supplemented with phytohormones. Auxins in general, and 2,4-D in particular, have been shown to induce somatic embryogenesis whereas shoot regeneration is stimulated by cytokinins. In studying the morphoregulatory role of thidiazuron (TDZ) - a substituted urea with cytokinin-like activity - we found that it induces a high frequency of both organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis depending upon the plant species. For instance, whole seedlings of peanut developed somatic embryos and those of bean and pea produced shoots in response to culture on TDZ (1-40 μM)-supplemented media. In cultured explants of geranium, the use of TDZ (0.2-1 μM) effectively replaced the requirement of 2,4-D or BAP and IAA for obtaining somatic embryos. The frequency of regeneration was two to ten times higher than that achieved with auxin-cytokinin combinations. While no direct evidence is currently available to establish a relationship between TDZ and endogenous phytohormones, our results suggest that it may act by establishing endogenously the auxin:cytokinin ratio permissive of induction and expression of morphogenically competent cells.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Culture on thidiazuron-supplemented media induced somatic embryos from whole peanut seedlings.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeae1 - Organ / stage
- whole seedlingse1
- Treatment
- TDZ (1-40 μM)-supplemented mediae1
- Outcome
- somatic embryose1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“For instance, whole seedlings of peanut developed somatic embryos and those of bean and pea produced shoots in response to culture on TDZ (1-40 μM)-supplemented media”
Claim · model-written summary
Culture on thidiazuron-supplemented media induced shoots from whole bean seedlings.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e1“For instance, whole seedlings of peanut developed somatic embryos and those of bean and pea produced shoots in response to culture on TDZ (1-40 μM)-supplemented media”
Claim · model-written summary
Culture on thidiazuron-supplemented media induced shoots from whole pea seedlings.
- Taxon
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceuse1 - Organ / stage
- whole seedlingse1
- Treatment
- TDZ (1-40 μM)-supplemented mediae1
- Outcome
- shootse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“For instance, whole seedlings of peanut developed somatic embryos and those of bean and pea produced shoots in response to culture on TDZ (1-40 μM)-supplemented media”
Claim · model-written summary
In geranium explants, thidiazuron at 0.2-1 μM effectively replaced 2,4-D or BAP and IAA for obtaining somatic embryos.
- Organ / stage
- explantse2
- Treatment
- TDZ (0.2-1 μM)e2
- Outcome
- obtaining somatic embryose2
- Direction
- effectively replacede2
- Comparator
- 2,4-D or BAP and IAAe2
GeraniumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“In cultured explants of geranium, the use of TDZ (0.2-1 μM) effectively replaced the requirement of 2,4-D or BAP and IAA for obtaining somatic embryos”
Claim · model-written summary
In geranium, thidiazuron gave a frequency of regeneration two to ten times higher than auxin-cytokinin combinations.
- Treatment
- TDZ (0.2-1 μM)e2
- Outcome
- frequency of regeneratione3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- two to ten timese3
- Comparator
- auxin-cytokinin combinationse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“In cultured explants of geranium, the use of TDZ (0.2-1 μM) effectively replaced the requirement of 2,4-D or BAP and IAA for obtaining somatic embryos”
e3“The frequency of regeneration was two to ten times higher than that achieved with auxin-cytokinin combinations”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that thidiazuron may act by establishing the endogenous auxin:cytokinin ratio that permits morphogenically competent cells, without direct evidence.
Verbatim
e4“we found that it induces a high frequency of both organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis depending upon the plant species”
e5“While no direct evidence is currently available to establish a relationship between TDZ and endogenous phytohormones, our results suggest that it may act by establishing endogenously the auxin:cytokinin ratio permissive of induction and expression of morphogenically competent cells”
The same questions in other papers
Thidiazuron · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Thidiazuron · growth · GeraniumResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Thidiazuron · growth · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Thidiazuron · growth · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 6 papers →in vitro · growth · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
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See all 16 papers →in vitro · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
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See all 18 papers →in vitro · growth · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results
40 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
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- no effect
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See all 44 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.