Abstract
Hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa Roth) (HV) and cowpea [ Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] (CP) are two leguminous cover crops used in vegetable production systems. The residues of both species have been shown to suppress weeds via allelopathic interactions; however, they may also carry a risk of crop injury. A laboratory experiment was designed to study the dose response of carrot, sweet corn, cucumber, lettuce, onion, pepper, and tomato germination and radicle elongation to the aqueous extracts of both HV and CP. Aqueous extracts of fresh, whole plants were lyophilized to obtain a dry powder. Treatments of 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 4.00, and 8.00 g dry extract/L of distilled water were applied to 10 seeds on filter paper in petri dishes. The petri dishes were then sealed and placed in the dark at 21 °C for 4 to 7 days, depending on the species germination. After the incubation period, germination rates and radicle lengths were recorded. Each treatment had 4 replications and the full experiment was executed twice. Pepper germination was reduced by increasing concentrations of HV extract; however, all other crops were not affected by HV or CP extracts. The HV extract had a significant effect on radicle elongation in carrot, corn, cucumber, lettuce, onion, and tomato. Inhibition of radical growth at 8 g·L -1 ranged from 42% in cucumber to as high as 81% in carrot. The CP extract had a negative effect on the radicle elongation of carrot, corn, lettuce, and tomato. Inhibition at 8 g·L -1 ranged from 42% in carrot to 67% in tomato. This study shows that both HV and CP extracts hold the potential to negatively affect the listed crops. Therefore, studies need to be done on the persistence of these effects in the field to maximize weed control while avoiding crop injury.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing hairy vetch extract concentrations reduced pepper germination.
- Taxon
- Peppere0
- Treatment
- HV extracte0
- Interactor
- Hairy vetch
Vicia villosae1other - Outcome
- Pepper germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pepper germination was reduced by increasing concentrations of HV extract”
e1“Hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa Roth) (HV)”
Claim · model-written summary
The other vegetable crops had no germination response to either extract.
- Taxon
- carrot, sweet corn, cucumber, lettuce, onion, pepper, and tomatoe1
- Treatment
- HV or CP extractse0
- Outcome
- germinatione1
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“all other crops were not affected by HV or CP extracts”
e1“carrot, sweet corn, cucumber, lettuce, onion, pepper, and tomato germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy vetch extract significantly affected radicle elongation in carrot, corn, cucumber, lettuce, onion, and tomato.
- Taxon
- carrot, corn, cucumber, lettuce, onion, and tomato
Cucumis sativus
Daucus carota
Solanum lycopersicum
Lactuca sativa
Allium cepa
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- HV extracte0
- Outcome
- radicle elongatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The HV extract had a significant effect on radicle elongation in carrot, corn, cucumber, lettuce, onion, and tomato.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 8 g·L -1, hairy vetch extract inhibited cucumber radicle growth by 42%.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- HV extracte1
- Outcome
- radical growthe0
- Direction
- Inhibitione0
- Value
- 42%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inhibition of radical growth at 8 g·L -1 ranged from 42% in cucumber to as high as 81% in carrot.”
e1“The HV extract had a significant effect on radicle elongation”
Claim · model-written summary
At 8 g·L -1, hairy vetch extract inhibited carrot radicle growth by 81%.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae0
- Treatment
- HV extracte1
- Outcome
- radical growthe0
- Direction
- Inhibitione0
- Value
- 81%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inhibition of radical growth at 8 g·L -1 ranged from 42% in cucumber to as high as 81% in carrot.”
e1“The HV extract had a significant effect on radicle elongation”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea extract reduced radicle elongation in carrot, corn, lettuce, and tomato.
- Taxon
- carrot, corn, lettuce, and tomatoDaucus carotaSolanum lycopersicumLactuca sativaZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- CP extracte0
- Outcome
- radicle elongatione0
- Direction
- negativee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The CP extract had a negative effect on the radicle elongation of carrot, corn, lettuce, and tomato.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 8 g·L -1, cowpea extract inhibited carrot radicle elongation by 42%.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae0
- Treatment
- CP extracte1
- Outcome
- radicle elongatione1
- Direction
- Inhibitione0
- Value
- 42%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inhibition at 8 g·L -1 ranged from 42% in carrot to 67% in tomato.”
e1“The CP extract had a negative effect on the radicle elongation”
Claim · model-written summary
At 8 g·L -1, cowpea extract inhibited tomato radicle elongation by 67%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- CP extracte1
- Outcome
- radicle elongatione1
- Direction
- Inhibitione0
- Value
- 67%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inhibition at 8 g·L -1 ranged from 42% in carrot to 67% in tomato.”
e1“The CP extract had a negative effect on the radicle elongation”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend field studies of persistence to balance weed control and crop injury.
Verbatim
e0“Therefore, studies need to be done on the persistence of these effects in the field to maximize weed control while avoiding crop injury.”
t0“Seven Vegetable Crops”
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