Abstract
Interaction of tomato roots with Trichoderma virens TRS106 provided protection against Rhizoctonia solani-induced disease. In tomato, plants inoculated with R. solani disease symptoms were observed on the roots as brown, necrotic lesions. These symptoms were limited on plants treated with TRS106 and inoculated with R. solani. It was shown that TRS106 did not directly inhibit Rhizoctonia growth in in vitro test. The tested Trichoderma isolate stimulated systemic defence responses in tomato plants, by activating defence enzymes including guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), syringaldazine peroxidase (SPX) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). Simultaneously, it enhanced accumulation of phenolics and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accompanied by decrease in lipid peroxidation in the leaves. HPLC analysis indicated remarkable increases in the concentrations of 22 phenolics in the leaves of Trichoderma-treated tomato, both uninoculated and inoculated with R. solani. Some of the phenolics were present in a free form, the others were accumulated in a bound form as glycosylated conjugates belonging to phenylpropanoids, hydroxybenzoic and cinnamic acid derivatives and flavonoids. Several of the detected phenolics: ferulic and salicylic acids, pyrocatechol and hesperetin were strongly toxic to R. solani in plate tests. The systemic mobilisation of phenolic metabolism might be an element of tomato defence response positively involved in biocontrol of R. solani by TRS106. Based on the results, T. virens TRS106 may have potential to develop a new biofungicide for integrated management of R. solani-induced disease.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma virens TRS106 treatment limited R. solani root disease symptoms in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Treatment
- treated with TRS106e0
- Interactor
- R. solani
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Second interactor
- Trichoderma virensTrichoderma virenst0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease symptomse1
- Direction
- limitede0
- Comparator
- plants inoculated with R. solanie1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These symptoms were limited on plants treated with TRS106 and inoculated with R. solani.”
e1“In tomato, plants inoculated with R. solani disease symptoms were observed on the roots as brown, necrotic lesions.”
t0“Trichoderma virens 106 inoculation stimulates defence enzyme activities and enhances phenolic levels in tomato plants leading to lowered Rhizoctonia solani infection”
Claim · model-written summary
TRS106 did not directly inhibit Rhizoctonia growth in vitro.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia
.jpg?width=60)
Rhizoctoniae0pathogen - Outcome
- Rhizoctonia growthe0
- Direction
- did not directly inhibite0
- Setting
- in vitro teste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“TRS106 did not directly inhibit Rhizoctonia growth in in vitro test.”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma stimulated tomato defence enzyme activities, including GPX, SPX and PAL.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma isolatee0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma
Trichodermae0biocontrol_agent - Gene
- guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), syringaldazine peroxidase (SPX) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL)e0
- Outcome
- defence enzymese0
- Direction
- activatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The tested Trichoderma isolate stimulated systemic defence responses in tomato plants, by activating defence enzymes including guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), syringaldazine peroxidase (SPX) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL).”
e1“Interaction of tomato roots with Trichoderma virens TRS106 provided protection against Rhizoctonia solani-induced disease.”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma treatment increased phenolic accumulation in tomato leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma isolatee1
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- accumulation of phenolicse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Simultaneously, it enhanced accumulation of phenolics and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accompanied by decrease in lipid peroxidation in the leaves.”
e1“The tested Trichoderma isolate stimulated systemic defence responses in tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma treatment increased hydrogen peroxide accumulation in tomato leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma isolatee1
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Simultaneously, it enhanced accumulation of phenolics and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accompanied by decrease in lipid peroxidation in the leaves.”
e1“The tested Trichoderma isolate stimulated systemic defence responses in tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma treatment decreased lipid peroxidation in tomato leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma isolatee1
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Simultaneously, it enhanced accumulation of phenolics and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accompanied by decrease in lipid peroxidation in the leaves.”
e1“The tested Trichoderma isolate stimulated systemic defence responses in tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
HPLC detected increased concentrations of 22 phenolics in leaves of Trichoderma-treated tomato, with and without R. solani.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma-treatede0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- concentrations of 22 phenolicse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 22 phenolicse0
- Qualifier
- both uninoculated and inoculated with R. solanie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HPLC analysis indicated remarkable increases in the concentrations of 22 phenolics in the leaves of Trichoderma-treated tomato, both uninoculated and inoculated with R. solani.”
Claim · model-written summary
Detected tomato phenolics included free compounds and bound glycosylated conjugates.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- phenolicse0
- Qualifier
- a free forme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Some of the phenolics were present in a free form, the others were accumulated in a bound form as glycosylated conjugates belonging to phenylpropanoids, hydroxybenzoic and cinnamic acid derivatives and flavonoids.”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Ferulic and salicylic acids, pyrocatechol and hesperetin were strongly toxic to R. solani in plate tests.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Compound
- ferulic and salicylic acids, pyrocatechol and hesperetine0
- Outcome
- toxic to R. solanie0
- Direction
- strongly toxice0
- Setting
- plate testse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Several of the detected phenolics: ferulic and salicylic acids, pyrocatechol and hesperetin were strongly toxic to R. solani in plate tests.”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest systemic phenolic metabolism may help tomato defence during TRS106 biocontrol of R. solani.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- tomato defence responsee0
- Qualifier
- systemic mobilisation of phenolic metabolisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The systemic mobilisation of phenolic metabolism might be an element of tomato defence response positively involved in biocontrol of R. solani by TRS106.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose T. virens TRS106 as a possible biofungicide for R. solani disease management.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. virens TRS106Trichoderma virense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- new biofungicide for integrated management of R. solani-induced diseasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Based on the results, T. virens TRS106 may have potential to develop a new biofungicide for integrated management of R. solani-induced disease.”
t0“tomato plants”
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.