Abstract
Strong fixation of K and Mg oversupply are main reasons of fertility limitation in some gleysols of Posavina lowland. In this study was shown zinc, manganese and iron status in corn hybrids as affected by ameliorative K fertilization, while K and Mg status were shown by the earlier study. The field trial of increased K fertilization (in KCl form until level of 3250 kg K2O ha-1) was conducted on strong K-fixing soil in the spring of 1990 (randomized block design in four replications). In the next three years, entire trial area was fertilized uniformly (ordinary fertilization). In the fourth year of testing (the growing season of 1993) different corn hybrids were grown on this field. Corn was sown in term of April 28, and it was harvested in the term of September 24, 1993. Grain yields were calculated on the realized plant density and 14 % moisture basis. The ear-leaf samples (30 leaves in mean sample) was taken at beginning of the silking stage (the middle of July). Six corn hybrids and four levels of K fertilization (Table 2) were choose for leaf analysis. Plant and soil nutritional status were determined by using ICP technique. Soil was classified as drained gleysol on calcareous loess substrate. Low exhangeable K and high exhangeable Mg, as well as low Zn, Mn and Fe were found by soil test. As affected by applied fertilization corn grain yields were in range from 1.83 t ha-1 (150 kg K2O ha-1) to 7.04 t ha-1 (3250 K2O ha-1). Differences of grain yields among corn hybrids were in range from 4.35 t ha-1 (Bc 66-61) to 5.31 t ha-1 (OsSK 407). Also, considerable influences of hybrid and K fertilization on plant density realization were found. In general, low concentrations of zinc (23.2 mg Zn kg-1), manganese (15.7 mg Mn kg-1) and iron (130 mg Fe kg-1) were found in dry matter of the ear-leaf of corn at silking stage. Significant influences of inheritance (differences among the hybrids) were found with ranges of variations as follows: from 18.9 to 26.5 mg Zn, from 14.2 to 17.2 mg Mn and from 120 to 142 mg Fe kg-1. As affected by potash fertilization, ear-leaf Mn and Fe concentrations decreased, but the ear-leaf Zn was increased. However, plant K and Mg nutritional status were considerably improved by potash fertilization as follows: 0.31% K (acute K deficiency) and 1.08% Mg under stress (ordinary fertilization) ; 1.18% K and 0.47% Mg (3250 kg K2O ha-1), respectively. Also, differences of ear-leaf K status between OsSK377 (0.37% K) and Bc66-61 (0.26% K) hybrids could be in connection with differences of their grain yields (2.47 and 1.54 t ha-1, respectively) on the control. Grain yields of corn hybrids and ear-leaf Zn, Mn and Fe concentrations were under influences of environmental and genetic factors. In general, under soil stress conditions induced by K deficiency and Mg oversupply, corn grain yields were even 75 % lower. Increased K fertilization and growing of more tolerant hybrids are directions of corn production improvement on these problem soils. Also, fertilization with manganese and iron could be additional contribution to grain yields increases on K-fixing gleysols in Croatia.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Corn grain yields ranged from 1.83 to 7.04 t/ha across applied potash fertilization levels.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Value
- 1.83 t ha-1 (150 kg K2O ha-1) to 7.04 t ha-1 (3250 K2O ha-1)e0
- Qualifier
- As affected by applied fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“corn (Zea mays L.)”
e0“As affected by applied fertilization corn grain yields were in range from 1.83 t ha-1 (150 kg K2O ha-1) to 7.04 t ha-1 (3250 K2O ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yields among corn hybrids ranged from 4.35 t/ha (Bc 66-61) to 5.31 t/ha (OsSK 407).
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- corn hybridse0
- Outcome
- Differences of grain yieldse0
- Value
- 4.35 t ha-1 (Bc 66-61) to 5.31 t ha-1 (OsSK 407)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“corn (Zea mays L.)”
e0“Differences of grain yields among corn hybrids were in range from 4.35 t ha-1 (Bc 66-61) to 5.31 t ha-1 (OsSK 407)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hybrid and K fertilization considerably influenced plant density realization.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- hybride0
- Treatment
- K fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- plant density realizatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“corn (Zea mays L.)”
e0“Also, considerable influences of hybrid and K fertilization on plant density realization were found”
Claim · model-written summary
Ear-leaf zinc at silking was low, at 23.2 mg Zn kg-1.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Organ / stage
- ear-leafe0
- Outcome
- zince0
- Value
- 23.2 mg Zn kg-1e0
- Qualifier
- low concentrationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“corn (Zea mays L.)”
e0“In general, low concentrations of zinc (23.2 mg Zn kg-1), manganese (15.7 mg Mn kg-1) and iron (130 mg Fe kg-1) were found in dry matter of the ear-leaf of corn at silking stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Ear-leaf manganese at silking was low, at 15.7 mg Mn kg-1.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Organ / stage
- ear-leafe0
- Outcome
- manganesee0
- Value
- 15.7 mg Mn kg-1e0
- Qualifier
- low concentrationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“corn (Zea mays L.)”
e0“In general, low concentrations of zinc (23.2 mg Zn kg-1), manganese (15.7 mg Mn kg-1) and iron (130 mg Fe kg-1) were found in dry matter of the ear-leaf of corn at silking stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Ear-leaf iron at silking was low, at 130 mg Fe kg-1.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Organ / stage
- ear-leafe0
- Outcome
- irone0
- Value
- 130 mg Fe kg-1e0
- Qualifier
- low concentrationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“corn (Zea mays L.)”
e0“In general, low concentrations of zinc (23.2 mg Zn kg-1), manganese (15.7 mg Mn kg-1) and iron (130 mg Fe kg-1) were found in dry matter of the ear-leaf of corn at silking stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Ear-leaf Zn ranged from 18.9 to 26.5 mg among hybrids, a significant effect of inheritance.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- the hybridse0
- Outcome
- Zne0
- Value
- from 18.9 to 26.5 mg Zne0
- Qualifier
- influences of inheritance (differences among the hybrids)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“corn (Zea mays L.)”
e0“Significant influences of inheritance (differences among the hybrids) were found with ranges of variations as follows: from 18.9 to 26.5 mg Zn, from 14.2 to 17.2 mg Mn and from 120 to 142 mg Fe kg-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Ear-leaf Mn ranged from 14.2 to 17.2 mg among hybrids, a significant effect of inheritance.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- the hybridse0
- Outcome
- Mne0
- Value
- from 14.2 to 17.2 mg Mne0
- Qualifier
- influences of inheritance (differences among the hybrids)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“corn (Zea mays L.)”
e0“Significant influences of inheritance (differences among the hybrids) were found with ranges of variations as follows: from 18.9 to 26.5 mg Zn, from 14.2 to 17.2 mg Mn and from 120 to 142 mg Fe kg-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Ear-leaf Fe ranged from 120 to 142 mg/kg among hybrids, a significant effect of inheritance.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- the hybridse0
- Outcome
- Fee0
- Value
- from 120 to 142 mg Fe kg-1e0
- Qualifier
- influences of inheritance (differences among the hybrids)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“corn (Zea mays L.)”
e0“Significant influences of inheritance (differences among the hybrids) were found with ranges of variations as follows: from 18.9 to 26.5 mg Zn, from 14.2 to 17.2 mg Mn and from 120 to 142 mg Fe kg-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Ear-leaf Mn and Fe concentrations decreased under potash fertilization.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Organ / stage
- ear-leafe0
- Treatment
- potash fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- ear-leaf Mn and Fe concentrationse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“corn (Zea mays L.)”
e0“As affected by potash fertilization, ear-leaf Mn and Fe concentrations decreased, but the ear-leaf Zn was increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Ear-leaf Zn increased under potash fertilization.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Organ / stage
- ear-leafe0
- Treatment
- potash fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- ear-leaf Zne0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“corn (Zea mays L.)”
e0“As affected by potash fertilization, ear-leaf Mn and Fe concentrations decreased, but the ear-leaf Zn was increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant K status improved under potash fertilization, reaching 1.18% K.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- potash fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- plant K and Mg nutritional statuse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 1.18% Ke0
- Qualifier
- 0.31% K (acute K deficiency)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“corn (Zea mays L.)”
e0“However, plant K and Mg nutritional status were considerably improved by potash fertilization as follows: 0.31% K (acute K deficiency) and 1.08% Mg under stress (ordinary fertilization) ; 1.18% K and 0.47% Mg (3250 kg K2O ha-1), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant Mg status was reported as improved under potash fertilization, at 0.47% Mg.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- potash fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- plant K and Mg nutritional statuse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 0.47% Mge0
- Qualifier
- 1.08% Mg under stresse0
- Comparator
- ordinary fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“corn (Zea mays L.)”
e0“However, plant K and Mg nutritional status were considerably improved by potash fertilization as follows: 0.31% K (acute K deficiency) and 1.08% Mg under stress (ordinary fertilization) ; 1.18% K and 0.47% Mg (3250 kg K2O ha-1), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Ear-leaf K status differences between OsSK377 and Bc66-61 may be linked to their grain yield differences.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- OsSK377e0
- Outcome
- ear-leaf K statuse0
- Qualifier
- could be in connection with differences of their grain yieldse0
- Comparator
- Bc66-61e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“corn (Zea mays L.)”
e0“Also, differences of ear-leaf K status between OsSK377 (0.37% K) and Bc66-61 (0.26% K) hybrids could be in connection with differences of their grain yields (2.47 and 1.54 t ha-1, respectively) on the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn grain yields were 75% lower under soil stress from K deficiency and Mg oversupply.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- soil stress conditions induced by K deficiency and Mg oversupplye0
- Outcome
- corn grain yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 75 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In general, under soil stress conditions induced by K deficiency and Mg oversupply, corn grain yields were even 75 % lower”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil test showed low exchangeable K.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Low exhangeable K and high exhangeable Mg, as well as low Zn, Mn and Fe were found by soil test”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil test showed high exchangeable Mg.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Low exhangeable K and high exhangeable Mg, as well as low Zn, Mn and Fe were found by soil test”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil test showed low Zn, Mn and Fe.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Low exhangeable K and high exhangeable Mg, as well as low Zn, Mn and Fe were found by soil test”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased K fertilization and more tolerant hybrids are recommended for corn production improvement on these problem soils.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Increased K fertilization and growing of more tolerant hybridse0
- Outcome
- corn production improvemente0
- Setting
- these problem soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“corn (Zea mays L.)”
e0“Increased K fertilization and growing of more tolerant hybrids are directions of corn production improvement on these problem soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization with manganese and iron could add to grain yield increases on K-fixing gleysols in Croatia.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- fertilization with manganese and irone0
- Outcome
- grain yields increasese0
- Setting
- K-fixing gleysols in Croatiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“corn (Zea mays L.)”
e0“fertilization with manganese and iron could be additional contribution to grain yields increases on K-fixing gleysols in Croatia”
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