Abstract
Off season high tunnel strawberry production has the potential to augment income for Arkansas fruit growers during an unproductive time of the year, however management guidelines do not exist. At the University of Arkansas Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Fayetteville, AR studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of four nitrogen (46-0-0 urea fertilizer) fertigation rates (0.75, 0.50, 0.25, 0.0 kg N/day/ha) and red or black colored plastic mulch films on densities of twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), numbers of parasitized cotton aphids, and fruit yield weight. Foliar and petiole nitrogen content were evaluated in nitrogen fertigation trials. In the nitrogen fertigation experiment twospotted spider mites, cotton aphids and parasitized cotton aphids were sampled from the younger and older leaves of strawberry plants. Cowpeas, Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. (Fabales: Fabaceae), were planted and incorporated into the soil to supplement available nitrogen. Nitrogen fertigation treatments did not have the expected effect on foliar or petiole nitrogen levels. Preplanting nitrogen levels due to the cover crop of cowpeas, may have been provided sufficient nitrogen to the strawberry plants for the duration of the experiment to nullify the effect of the nitrogen treatments. Therefore, any significant differences in strawberry fruit yield, twospotted spider mite, cotton aphid, or parasitized aphid numbers would not be attributable to nitrogen fertigation treatments, and none were found. There were no significant differences among nitrogen fertilization treatments in the numbers of twospotted spider mites on the younger or older leaves except for one sample date, 8 January. However there were significantly more cotton aphids and parasitized cotton aphids in the older leaves compared to the younger leaves. There were no significant differences in strawberry fruit yield, twospotted spider mite, cotton aphid, or parasitized cotton aphids in the red or black plastic mulch experiment, although lack of sufficient replication limited results. Future experiments may compare interaction effects of several high tunnel plastic film covers with different light transmitting characteristics and different color mulches on strawberry yields and aphid and mite densities inside high tunnels versus in open fields.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertigation did not produce the expected change in foliar or petiole nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- Nitrogen fertigation treatmentse0
- Outcome
- foliar or petiole nitrogen levelse0
- Direction
- did not have the expected effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen fertigation treatments did not have the expected effect on foliar or petiole nitrogen levels.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertigation treatments showed no significant strawberry fruit yield differences.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertigation treatmentse0
- Outcome
- strawberry fruit yielde0
- Direction
- none were founde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“any significant differences in strawberry fruit yield, twospotted spider mite, cotton aphid, or parasitized aphid numbers would not be attributable to nitrogen fertigation treatments, and none were found.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization treatments showed no significant mite count differences except on 8 January.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilization treatmentse0
- Interactor
- twospotted spider mitese0pest
- Outcome
- numbers of twospotted spider mitese0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
- Qualifier
- except for one sample date, 8 Januarye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no significant differences among nitrogen fertilization treatments in the numbers of twospotted spider mites on the younger or older leaves except for one sample date, 8 January.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Older leaves had significantly more cotton aphids than younger leaves.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Organ / stage
- older leavese0
- Interactor
- cotton aphids
Aphis gossypiie0pest - Outcome
- cotton aphidse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- younger leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were significantly more cotton aphids and parasitized cotton aphids in the older leaves compared to the younger leaves.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Older leaves had significantly more parasitized cotton aphids than younger leaves.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Organ / stage
- older leavese0
- Interactor
- cotton aphidsAphis gossypiie0pest
- Outcome
- parasitized cotton aphidse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- younger leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were significantly more cotton aphids and parasitized cotton aphids in the older leaves compared to the younger leaves.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Red and black mulch did not differ significantly for strawberry fruit yield.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- rede0
- Outcome
- strawberry fruit yielde0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
- Qualifier
- lack of sufficient replication limited resultse0
- Comparator
- black plastic mulche0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no significant differences in strawberry fruit yield, twospotted spider mite, cotton aphid, or parasitized cotton aphids in the red or black plastic mulch experiment, although lack of sufficient replication limited results.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Red and black mulch did not differ significantly for spider mite counts.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- rede0
- Interactor
- twospotted spider mitee0pest
- Outcome
- twospotted spider mitee0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
- Comparator
- black plastic mulche0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no significant differences in strawberry fruit yield, twospotted spider mite, cotton aphid, or parasitized cotton aphids in the red or black plastic mulch experiment, although lack of sufficient replication limited results.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Red and black mulch did not differ significantly for cotton aphid counts.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- rede0
- Interactor
- cotton aphidAphis gossypiie0pest
- Outcome
- cotton aphide0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
- Comparator
- black plastic mulche0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no significant differences in strawberry fruit yield, twospotted spider mite, cotton aphid, or parasitized cotton aphids in the red or black plastic mulch experiment, although lack of sufficient replication limited results.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Red and black mulch did not differ significantly for parasitized cotton aphid counts.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- rede0
- Interactor
- cotton aphidAphis gossypiie0pest
- Outcome
- parasitized cotton aphidse0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
- Comparator
- black plastic mulche0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no significant differences in strawberry fruit yield, twospotted spider mite, cotton aphid, or parasitized cotton aphids in the red or black plastic mulch experiment, although lack of sufficient replication limited results.”
t0“Strawberry”
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