Abstract
Field experiments were conducted at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam during late Pishanam of 2013-14 and 2014-15 to evaluate different methods of rice establishment techniques and co-cultivation of green manures to enhance the rice productivity. The experiments were laid out in Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice. Rice ADT (R) 45 taken as test variety. Paddy direct seeding was taken up in the main field by using paddy drum seeder with a spacing of 20 cm between rows and paddy cum dhaincha seed drill with an interrow spacing of 25 cm between rice rows and 12.5 cm between rice and dhaincha in the respective plots. Simultaneously, rice nursery also taken separately for manual and machine transplanting. Azolla was applied in the respective plots on third days after paddy sowing / planting. The results shows that direct seeded rice with dhaincha / Azolla recorded higher plant height than the machine/ manual planted rice. Rice yield attributes remains unaffected by adoption of various rice establishment methods. But it was positively influenced by the adoption of green manure dhaincha intercropping / Azolla co-cultivation practices. Planting at 25 x 25 cm with dhaincha intercropping and its incorporation by conoweeder at 30 DAS recorded higher grain (6110 and 6324 kg / ha) and straw yield (6973 and 7358 kg / ha) during both the years, respectively. It was closely followed and statistically at par yield when the rice cultivated by machine planting at 25 x 17.5 cm with dhaincha intercropping and its incorporation by conoweeder at 30 DAS and / or direct sown rice using paddy cum dhaincha seed drill. Planting of rice at 25 x 25 cm with dhaincha intercropping and its in-situ incorporation by conoweeder at 30 DAS recorded higher gross income of Rs.94,239 and 97, 962 /ha. But direct seeding of rice using paddy cum dhaincha seed drill fetched with higher net income of Rs.55,088 and 58,067/ha and B:C ratio during both the years of study.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Direct seeded rice with dhaincha or Azolla had greater plant height than transplanted rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- direct seeded rice with dhaincha / Azollae0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- machine/ manual planted ricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“direct seeded rice with dhaincha / Azolla recorded higher plant height than the machine/ manual planted rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice establishment methods did not affect yield attributes.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- various rice establishment methodse0
- Outcome
- yield attributese0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice yield attributes remains unaffected by adoption of various rice establishment methods”
Claim · model-written summary
Dhaincha intercropping or Azolla co-cultivation positively influenced rice yield attributes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- green manure dhaincha intercropping / Azolla co-cultivation practicese0
- Outcome
- yield attributese0
- Direction
- positively influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice yield attributes remains unaffected by adoption of various rice establishment methods. But it was positively influenced by the adoption of green manure dhaincha intercropping / Azolla co-cultivation practices”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice planted at 25 x 25 cm with incorporated dhaincha had higher grain yield in the two years.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0t0e1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Planting at 25 x 25 cm with dhaincha intercropping and its incorporation by conoweeder at 30 DAS recorded higher grain (6110 and 6324 kg / ha)”
t0“rice”
e1“straw yield”
e2“statistically at par”
Claim · model-written summary
The same planting practice had higher straw yield in the two years.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0t0e1e2
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“straw yield (6973 and 7358 kg / ha) during both the years”
t0“rice”
e1“straw yield”
e2“statistically at par”
Claim · model-written summary
Machine planting with dhaincha produced statistically comparable yield to the leading planting treatment.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- machine planting at 25 x 17.5 cm with dhaincha intercropping and its incorporation by conoweeder at 30 DASe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- statistically at pare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was closely followed and statistically at par yield when the rice cultivated by machine planting at 25 x 17.5 cm with dhaincha intercropping and its incorporation by conoweeder at 30 DAS”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct sowing with the paddy cum dhaincha seed drill produced statistically comparable yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0t0e1e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and / or direct sown rice using paddy cum dhaincha seed drill”
t0“rice”
e1“statistically at par yield”
e2“statistically at par”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting rice at 25 x 25 cm with dhaincha gave higher gross income.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Planting of rice at 25 x 25 cm with dhaincha intercropping and its in-situ incorporation by conoweeder at 30 DASe0
- Outcome
- gross incomee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- Rs.94,239 and 97, 962 /hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Planting of rice at 25 x 25 cm with dhaincha intercropping and its in-situ incorporation by conoweeder at 30 DAS recorded higher gross income of Rs.94,239 and 97, 962 /ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct sowing with the paddy cum dhaincha drill gave higher net income.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- direct seeding of rice using paddy cum dhaincha seed drille0
- Outcome
- net incomee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- Rs.55,088 and 58,067/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“direct seeding of rice using paddy cum dhaincha seed drill fetched with higher net income of Rs.55,088 and 58,067/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct sowing with the paddy cum dhaincha drill gave a higher benefit cost ratio.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- direct seeding of rice using paddy cum dhaincha seed drille0
- Outcome
- B:C ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“direct seeding of rice using paddy cum dhaincha seed drill fetched with higher net income of Rs.55,088 and 58,067/ha and B:C ratio”
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