Abstract
ABSTRACT: Tank mixed application of herbicides with adjuvant is required for effective weed management and to reduce herbicide load on agricultural crops. Field studies were conducted to investigate the effect of herbicides at reduced rates with adjuvant on common goosefoot (Chenopodium album) and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) and grain yield of wheat for two consecutive winter seasons. Treatments included post-emergence foliar application of four herbicides viz., fluroxypyr + tribenuron-methyl + clopyralid, mesosulfuron-methyl + iodosulfuron-methyl sodium, bromoxynil + MCPA, iodosulfuron-methyl sodium (pre mixed formulations) at their recommended rates 244.5, 14.2, 444.6, 10 g a.i. ha-1, respectively and 25% reduced rates with alkyl ether sulfate Na salt at 400 mL ha-1 as adjuvant. A weedy check was kept as control. All the herbicide treatments caused a significant reduction in densities (up to 85% and 89.2%) of C. arvensis and C. album, respectively and total dry weight (12.4-56%), N (3.7-50%), P (25-63.6%) and K (1.4-56.6%) uptakes from weedy check. Better weed control was achieved with 25% lower dose of all herbicides along with adjuvant in comparison with that recorded with their full doses without adjuvant. All herbicide treatments increased the grain yield of wheat ranging from 10.4 6-56.1% over control during both years. Herbicides with adjuvant produced significantly the higher grain yield of wheat than those observed with herbicides alone. Among all herbicide treatments, 75% doses of bromoxynil + MCPA and iodosulfuron-methyl sodium along with alkyl ether sulfate adjuvant were proved to be the best as they gave significantly the higher (4902.3 and 5159.0 kg ha-1 and 4566.5 and 4891.0 kgha-1) grain yields of wheat during years 2013-14 and 2014-15, respectively.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide treatments significantly reduced Convolvulus arvensis densities by up to 85% relative to the weedy check.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- herbicide treatmentse1
- Interactor
- Convolvulus arvensis
.jpg?width=60)
Convolvulus arvensise0weed - Outcome
- densitiese1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 85%e1
- Comparator
- weedy checke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“common goosefoot (Chenopodium album) and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) and grain yield of wheat”
e1“All the herbicide treatments caused a significant reduction in densities (up to 85% and 89.2%) of C. arvensis and C. album, respectively and total dry weight (12.4-56%), N (3.7-50%), P (25-63.6%) and K (1.4-56.6%) uptakes from weedy check”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide treatments significantly reduced Chenopodium album densities by up to 89.2% relative to the weedy check.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- herbicide treatmentse1
- Interactor
- Chenopodium album
Chenopodium albume0weed - Outcome
- densitiese1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 89.2%e1
- Comparator
- weedy checke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“common goosefoot (Chenopodium album) and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) and grain yield of wheat”
e1“All the herbicide treatments caused a significant reduction in densities (up to 85% and 89.2%) of C. arvensis and C. album, respectively and total dry weight (12.4-56%), N (3.7-50%), P (25-63.6%) and K (1.4-56.6%) uptakes from weedy check”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide treatments reduced total dry weight by 12.4-56% relative to the weedy check.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- herbicide treatmentse1
- Outcome
- total dry weighte1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 12.4-56%e1
- Comparator
- weedy checke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“common goosefoot (Chenopodium album) and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) and grain yield of wheat”
e1“All the herbicide treatments caused a significant reduction in densities (up to 85% and 89.2%) of C. arvensis and C. album, respectively and total dry weight (12.4-56%), N (3.7-50%), P (25-63.6%) and K (1.4-56.6%) uptakes from weedy check”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide treatments reduced N uptake by 3.7-50% relative to the weedy check.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- herbicide treatmentse1
- Outcome
- uptakese1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 3.7-50%e1
- Qualifier
- N (3.7-50%)e1
- Comparator
- weedy checke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“common goosefoot (Chenopodium album) and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) and grain yield of wheat”
e1“All the herbicide treatments caused a significant reduction in densities (up to 85% and 89.2%) of C. arvensis and C. album, respectively and total dry weight (12.4-56%), N (3.7-50%), P (25-63.6%) and K (1.4-56.6%) uptakes from weedy check”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide treatments reduced P uptake by 25-63.6% relative to the weedy check.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- herbicide treatmentse1
- Outcome
- uptakese1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 25-63.6%e1
- Qualifier
- P (25-63.6%)e1
- Comparator
- weedy checke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“common goosefoot (Chenopodium album) and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) and grain yield of wheat”
e1“All the herbicide treatments caused a significant reduction in densities (up to 85% and 89.2%) of C. arvensis and C. album, respectively and total dry weight (12.4-56%), N (3.7-50%), P (25-63.6%) and K (1.4-56.6%) uptakes from weedy check”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide treatments reduced K uptake by 1.4-56.6% relative to the weedy check.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- herbicide treatmentse1
- Outcome
- uptakese1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 1.4-56.6%e1
- Qualifier
- K (1.4-56.6%)e1
- Comparator
- weedy checke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“common goosefoot (Chenopodium album) and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) and grain yield of wheat”
e1“All the herbicide treatments caused a significant reduction in densities (up to 85% and 89.2%) of C. arvensis and C. album, respectively and total dry weight (12.4-56%), N (3.7-50%), P (25-63.6%) and K (1.4-56.6%) uptakes from weedy check”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced-rate herbicides with adjuvant gave better weed control than full doses without adjuvant.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 25% lower dose of all herbicides along with adjuvante2
- Outcome
- weed controle2
- Direction
- Bettere2
- Comparator
- full doses without adjuvante2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“common goosefoot (Chenopodium album) and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) and grain yield of wheat”
e2“Better weed control was achieved with 25% lower dose of all herbicides along with adjuvant in comparison with that recorded with their full doses without adjuvant”
Claim · model-written summary
All herbicide treatments increased wheat grain yield by 10.4 6-56.1% over the control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- herbicide treatmentse3
- Outcome
- grain yielde3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 10.4 6-56.1%e3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“common goosefoot (Chenopodium album) and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) and grain yield of wheat”
e3“All herbicide treatments increased the grain yield of wheat ranging from 10.4 6-56.1% over control during both years”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides with adjuvant gave significantly higher wheat grain yield than herbicides alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Herbicides with adjuvante4
- Outcome
- grain yielde4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- herbicides alonee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“common goosefoot (Chenopodium album) and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) and grain yield of wheat”
e4“Herbicides with adjuvant produced significantly the higher grain yield of wheat than those observed with herbicides alone”
Claim · model-written summary
75% bromoxynil + MCPA with alkyl ether sulfate gave a wheat grain yield of 4902.3 in 2013-14.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- 75% doses of bromoxynil + MCPAe5
- Outcome
- grain yieldse5
- Direction
- highere5
- Value
- 4902.3e5
- Qualifier
- 2013-14e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“75% doses of bromoxynil + MCPA and iodosulfuron-methyl sodium along with alkyl ether sulfate adjuvant were proved to be the best as they gave significantly the higher (4902.3 and 5159.0 kg ha-1 and 4566.5 and 4891.0 kgha-1) grain yields of wheat during years 2013-14 and 2014-15”
Claim · model-written summary
75% bromoxynil + MCPA with alkyl ether sulfate gave a wheat grain yield of 4566.5 in 2014-15.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- 75% doses of bromoxynil + MCPAe5
- Outcome
- grain yieldse5
- Direction
- highere5
- Value
- 4566.5e5
- Qualifier
- 2014-15e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“75% doses of bromoxynil + MCPA and iodosulfuron-methyl sodium along with alkyl ether sulfate adjuvant were proved to be the best as they gave significantly the higher (4902.3 and 5159.0 kg ha-1 and 4566.5 and 4891.0 kgha-1) grain yields of wheat during years 2013-14 and 2014-15”
Claim · model-written summary
75% iodosulfuron-methyl sodium with alkyl ether sulfate gave a wheat grain yield of 5159.0 in 2013-14.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- iodosulfuron-methyl sodiume5
- Outcome
- grain yieldse5
- Direction
- highere5
- Value
- 5159.0e5
- Qualifier
- 2013-14e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“75% doses of bromoxynil + MCPA and iodosulfuron-methyl sodium along with alkyl ether sulfate adjuvant were proved to be the best as they gave significantly the higher (4902.3 and 5159.0 kg ha-1 and 4566.5 and 4891.0 kgha-1) grain yields of wheat during years 2013-14 and 2014-15”
Claim · model-written summary
75% iodosulfuron-methyl sodium with alkyl ether sulfate gave a wheat grain yield of 4891.0 in 2014-15.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- iodosulfuron-methyl sodiume5
- Outcome
- grain yieldse5
- Direction
- highere5
- Value
- 4891.0e5
- Qualifier
- 2014-15e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“75% doses of bromoxynil + MCPA and iodosulfuron-methyl sodium along with alkyl ether sulfate adjuvant were proved to be the best as they gave significantly the higher (4902.3 and 5159.0 kg ha-1 and 4566.5 and 4891.0 kgha-1) grain yields of wheat during years 2013-14 and 2014-15”
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See all 116 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.