Abstract
Corn is one of the main grasses used to produce human or animal food. One of the main problems with the use of corn is the presence of mycotoxins, where aflatoxin B1 is one of the most harmful for human and animal health. Chemical methods such as the addition of antifungals and sequestrants are used to control this contaminant in food; however, these methods can leave dangerous residues. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of irradiation with gamma rays on corn for the control of aflatoxin B1. For this purpose, three treatments were compared: treatment 1, application of gamma radiation, treatment 2, application of antifungal and treatment 3, combination of gamma radiation and application of antifungal. Corn without exposure to any control of aflatoxin was used as a witness group. Irradiation doses of 2, 6 and 10 kGy were tested, and the dose of 6 kGy was selected as the best since it lowered aflatoxin B1 more effectively. The corn analyzed in this study was stored during 45 days at 23°C, and every 15 days. We determined the concentration of aflatoxin B1, presence or absence of pathogenic microorganisms and insects, and we evaluated the physicochemical characteristics of the grain. Then, the treatments were compared and treatment 1, only irradiation with gamma rays, proved to be significantly more effective in the reduction of aflatoxin B1 and the total inhibition of the survival of the insects during the 45 days of storage which allowed better preservation of the protein. All treatments controlled the growing of pathogenic microorganisms as Salmonella and Enterobacteriacea, and kept the humidity of the grain in values lower than 13%. The cost production of a bag of 40 kg of feed was also estimated in USD 22.56; which is1.80% greater than the cost corresponding to the conventional process that uses mycotoxin sequestrants.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
A gamma dose of 6 kGy was the best tested dose for lowering aflatoxin B1 in corn.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- the dose of 6 kGye1
- Outcome
- aflatoxin B1e1
- Direction
- lowerede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn is one of the main grasses used to produce human or animal food”
e1“Irradiation doses of 2, 6 and 10 kGy were tested, and the dose of 6 kGy was selected as the best since it lowered aflatoxin B1 more effectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Gamma irradiation alone was significantly more effective than the antifungal and combined treatments in reducing aflatoxin B1.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- only irradiation with gamma rayse1
- Outcome
- reduction of aflatoxin B1e1
- Direction
- significantly more effectivee1
- Comparator
- application of antifungale2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn is one of the main grasses used to produce human or animal food”
e1“treatment 1, only irradiation with gamma rays, proved to be significantly more effective in the reduction of aflatoxin B1 and the total inhibition of the survival of the insects during the 45 days of storage which allowed better preservation of the protein”
e2“treatment 2, application of antifungal”
Claim · model-written summary
Gamma irradiation alone totally inhibited survival of insects during 45 days of storage.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- only irradiation with gamma rayse1
- Outcome
- total inhibition of the survival of the insectse1
- Qualifier
- during the 45 days of storagee1
- Comparator
- application of antifungale2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn is one of the main grasses used to produce human or animal food”
e1“treatment 1, only irradiation with gamma rays, proved to be significantly more effective in the reduction of aflatoxin B1 and the total inhibition of the survival of the insects during the 45 days of storage which allowed better preservation of the protein”
e2“treatment 2, application of antifungal”
Claim · model-written summary
Gamma irradiation alone allowed better preservation of corn protein during storage.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- only irradiation with gamma rayse1
- Outcome
- preservation of the proteine1
- Direction
- bettere1
- Comparator
- application of antifungale2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn is one of the main grasses used to produce human or animal food”
e1“treatment 1, only irradiation with gamma rays, proved to be significantly more effective in the reduction of aflatoxin B1 and the total inhibition of the survival of the insects during the 45 days of storage which allowed better preservation of the protein”
e2“treatment 2, application of antifungal”
Claim · model-written summary
All treatments controlled growth of Salmonella and Enterobacteriaceae in stored corn.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- All treatmentse1
- Interactor
- Salmonella
Salmonellae1pathogen - Second interactor
- Enterobacteriaceae1pathogen
- Outcome
- growing of pathogenic microorganismse1
- Direction
- controllede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn is one of the main grasses used to produce human or animal food”
e1“All treatments controlled the growing of pathogenic microorganisms as Salmonella and Enterobacteriacea”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain humidity was kept lower than 13% under all treatments.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- humidity of the graine1
- Value
- lower than 13%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn is one of the main grasses used to produce human or animal food”
e1“kept the humidity of the grain in values lower than 13%”
Claim · model-written summary
The estimated cost of a 40 kg bag of feed was USD 22.56, 1.80% greater than the conventional process.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- cost production of a bag of 40 kg of feede1
- Value
- USD 22.56e1
- Qualifier
- 1.80% greater than the cost corresponding to the conventional processe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn is one of the main grasses used to produce human or animal food”
e1“The cost production of a bag of 40 kg of feed was also estimated in USD 22.56; which is1.80% greater than the cost corresponding to the conventional process that uses mycotoxin sequestrants”
The same questions in other papers
radiation · quality: protein · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- positive
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See all 6 papers →radiation · disease · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.