Abstract
ABSTRACT Ninety samples of maize, chick‐peas and groundnut seeds collected from the Egyptian market were found to be heavily contaminated by molds. Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Eurotium, Fusarium, Mucor, Penicillium and Rhizopus were the most common fungal genera isolated from nondisinfected seeds . Aspergillus alutaceus, A. flavus, Fusarium verticillioides and F. oxysporum were isolated from all surface‐disinfected seeds and were reported to produce ochratoxin A, aflatoxin B 1 and zearalenone, respectively. Irradiation at a dose 4.0 kGy reduced the mold growth greatly relative to unirradiated controls. There was no growth at dose 5.0 kGy. On the basis of the radiation survival data, the decimal reduction values D 10 for A. alutaceus, A. flavus and F. verticilliodies were 0.70. 2.10 and 0.93 kGy in maize. A dose of 5 kGy inhibited the toxigenic molds and mycotoxin formation in seeds. Aflatoxin B 1 and ochratoxin A were detected in maize and chick‐peas, whereas zearalenone was detected in maize samples. Application of radiation at a dose of 6.0 kGy detoxified aflatoxin B 1 by 74.3–76.7%, ochratoxin A by 51.3–96.2% and zearalenone by about 78%.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Market seed samples were heavily contaminated by molds.
- Taxon
- maize, chick‐peas and groundnut
Arachis hypogaea
Cicer arietinum
Zea mayse0 - Outcome
- heavily contaminated by moldse0
- Setting
- Egyptian markete0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ninety samples of maize, chick‐peas and groundnut seeds collected from the Egyptian market were found to be heavily contaminated by molds”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiation at 4.0 kGy greatly reduced mold growth versus controls.
- Taxon
- maize, chick‐peas and groundnutArachis hypogaeaCicer arietinumZea mayse1
- Treatment
- Irradiation at a dose 4.0 kGye0
- Outcome
- mold growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- unirradiated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irradiation at a dose 4.0 kGy reduced the mold growth greatly relative to unirradiated controls”
e1“maize, chick‐peas and groundnut seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
There was no mold growth at 5.0 kGy.
- Taxon
- maize, chick‐peas and groundnutArachis hypogaeaCicer arietinumZea mayse1
- Treatment
- dose 5.0 kGye0
- Outcome
- no growthe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no growth at dose 5.0 kGy”
e1“maize, chick‐peas and groundnut seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Five kGy inhibited toxigenic molds and mycotoxin formation in seeds.
- Taxon
- maize, chick‐peas and groundnutArachis hypogaeaCicer arietinumZea mayse1
- Treatment
- A dose of 5 kGye0
- Outcome
- toxigenic molds and mycotoxin formation in seedse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A dose of 5 kGy inhibited the toxigenic molds and mycotoxin formation in seeds”
e1“maize, chick‐peas and groundnut seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Six kGy detoxified aflatoxin B 1 by 74.3–76.7%.
- Taxon
- maize, chick‐peas and groundnutArachis hypogaeaCicer arietinumZea mayse1
- Treatment
- radiation at a dose of 6.0 kGye0
- Outcome
- aflatoxin B 1e0
- Direction
- detoxifiede0
- Value
- 74.3–76.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of radiation at a dose of 6.0 kGy detoxified aflatoxin B 1 by 74.3–76.7%”
e1“maize, chick‐peas and groundnut seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Six kGy detoxified ochratoxin A by 51.3–96.2%.
- Taxon
- maize, chick‐peas and groundnutArachis hypogaeaCicer arietinumZea mayse1
- Treatment
- radiation at a dose of 6.0 kGye0
- Outcome
- ochratoxin Ae0
- Direction
- detoxifiede0
- Value
- 51.3–96.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of radiation at a dose of 6.0 kGy detoxified aflatoxin B 1 by 74.3–76.7%, ochratoxin A by 51.3–96.2% and zearalenone by about 78%”
e1“maize, chick‐peas and groundnut seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Six kGy detoxified zearalenone by about 78%.
- Taxon
- maize, chick‐peas and groundnutArachis hypogaeaCicer arietinumZea mayse1
- Treatment
- radiation at a dose of 6.0 kGye0
- Outcome
- zearalenonee0
- Direction
- detoxifiede0
- Value
- about 78%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of radiation at a dose of 6.0 kGy detoxified aflatoxin B 1 by 74.3–76.7%, ochratoxin A by 51.3–96.2% and zearalenone by about 78%”
e1“maize, chick‐peas and groundnut seeds”
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