Foliar Nutrition: A Novel Technology to Increase Growth and Yield in Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra, Bengaluru during kharif 2016 to study the effect of foliar application of macro and micro nutrients on growth and yield attributes of baby corn (Zea mays L.). The experiment was laid out in a Randomised Complete Block Design with nine treatments replicated thrice. Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4 recorded significantly higher baby corn and green fodder yield (244.05 q ha-1 and 85.16 t ha-1, respectively) and was on par with application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.5% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4 (212.37 q ha-1 and 76.82 t ha-1, respectively). This was attributed by enhanced growth parameters viz., plant height (144.91 cm), total dry matter (152.28 g plant-1), Absolute growth rate (1.79 g day-1), Crop growth rate (1.77 g-2 day-1), Net assimilation rate (5.56 g dm-2 day-1), Leaf area index (6.84), Leaf area duration (78.53 days) and yield attributes like number of cobs plant-1 (3.67), length of babies (10.90 cm), girth of babies (4.07 cm) and weight of babies (23.87 g cob-1).

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-sa. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 13

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4 produced higher baby corn yield.

Taxon: Baby Cornt0
Treatment: Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4e0
Outcome: baby corne0
Direction: highere0
Value: 244.05 q ha-1e0
Qualifier: 212.37 q ha-1e0
Comparator: application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.5% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4e0

Verbatim

t0
“Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 69–92 · show in text ↑

e0
“Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4 recorded significantly higher baby corn and green fodder yield (244.05 q ha-1 and 85.16 t ha-1, respectively) and was on par with application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.5% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4 (212.37 q ha-1 and 76.82 t ha-1, respectively).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 405–724 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4 produced higher green fodder yield yield.

Taxon: Baby Cornt0
Treatment: Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4e0
Outcome: green fodder yielde0
Direction: highere0
Value: 85.16 t ha-1e0
Qualifier: 76.82 t ha-1e0
Comparator: application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.5% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4e0

Verbatim

t0
“Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 69–92 · show in text ↑

e0
“Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4 recorded significantly higher baby corn and green fodder yield (244.05 q ha-1 and 85.16 t ha-1, respectively) and was on par with application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.5% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4 (212.37 q ha-1 and 76.82 t ha-1, respectively).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 405–724 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4 enhanced plant height to 144.91 cm.

Taxon: Baby Cornt0
Treatment: Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4e0
Outcome: plant heighte1
Direction: enhancede2
Value: 144.91 cme1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 69–92 · show in text ↑

e0
“Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 405–475 · show in text ↑

e1
“plant height (144.91 cm)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 781–805 · show in text ↑

e2
“enhanced growth parameters”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 748–774 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4 enhanced total dry matter to 152.28 g plant-1.

Taxon: Baby Cornt0
Treatment: Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4e0
Outcome: total dry mattere1
Direction: enhancede2
Value: 152.28 g plant-1e1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 69–92 · show in text ↑

e0
“Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 405–475 · show in text ↑

e1
“total dry matter (152.28 g plant-1)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 807–842 · show in text ↑

e2
“enhanced growth parameters”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 748–774 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4 enhanced Absolute growth rate to 1.79 g day-1.

Taxon: Baby Cornt0
Treatment: Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4e0
Outcome: Absolute growth ratee1
Direction: enhancede2
Value: 1.79 g day-1e1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 69–92 · show in text ↑

e0
“Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 405–475 · show in text ↑

e1
“Absolute growth rate (1.79 g day-1)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 844–879 · show in text ↑

e2
“enhanced growth parameters”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 748–774 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4 enhanced Crop growth rate to 1.77 g-2 day-1.

Taxon: Baby Cornt0
Treatment: Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4e0
Outcome: Crop growth ratee1
Direction: enhancede2
Value: 1.77 g-2 day-1e1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 69–92 · show in text ↑

e0
“Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 405–475 · show in text ↑

e1
“Crop growth rate (1.77 g-2 day-1)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 881–914 · show in text ↑

e2
“enhanced growth parameters”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 748–774 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4 enhanced Net assimilation rate to 5.56 g dm-2 day-1.

Taxon: Baby Cornt0
Treatment: Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4e0
Outcome: Net assimilation ratee1
Direction: enhancede2
Value: 5.56 g dm-2 day-1e1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 69–92 · show in text ↑

e0
“Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 405–475 · show in text ↑

e1
“Net assimilation rate (5.56 g dm-2 day-1)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 916–957 · show in text ↑

e2
“enhanced growth parameters”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 748–774 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4 enhanced Leaf area index to 6.84.

Taxon: Baby Cornt0
Treatment: Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4e0
Outcome: Leaf area indexe1
Direction: enhancede2
Value: 6.84e1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 69–92 · show in text ↑

e0
“Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 405–475 · show in text ↑

e1
“Leaf area index (6.84)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 959–981 · show in text ↑

e2
“enhanced growth parameters”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 748–774 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4 enhanced Leaf area duration to 78.53 days.

Taxon: Baby Cornt0
Treatment: Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4e0
Outcome: Leaf area duratione1
Direction: enhancede2
Value: 78.53 dayse1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 69–92 · show in text ↑

e0
“Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 405–475 · show in text ↑

e1
“Leaf area duration (78.53 days)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 983–1014 · show in text ↑

e2
“enhanced growth parameters”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 748–774 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4 enhanced number of cobs plant-1 to 3.67.

Taxon: Baby Cornt0
Treatment: Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4e0
Outcome: number of cobs plant-1e1
Direction: enhancede2
Value: 3.67e1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 69–92 · show in text ↑

e0
“Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 405–475 · show in text ↑

e1
“number of cobs plant-1 (3.67)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1041–1070 · show in text ↑

e2
“enhanced growth parameters”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 748–774 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4 enhanced length of babies to 10.90 cm.

Taxon: Baby Cornt0
Treatment: Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4e0
Outcome: length of babiese1
Direction: enhancede2
Value: 10.90 cme1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 69–92 · show in text ↑

e0
“Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 405–475 · show in text ↑

e1
“length of babies (10.90 cm)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1072–1099 · show in text ↑

e2
“enhanced growth parameters”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 748–774 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4 enhanced girth of babies to 4.07 cm.

Taxon: Baby Cornt0
Treatment: Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4e0
Outcome: girth of babiese1
Direction: enhancede2
Value: 4.07 cme1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 69–92 · show in text ↑

e0
“Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 405–475 · show in text ↑

e1
“girth of babies (4.07 cm)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1101–1126 · show in text ↑

e2
“enhanced growth parameters”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 748–774 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4 enhanced weight of babies to 23.87 g cob-1.

Taxon: Baby Cornt0
Treatment: Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4e0
Outcome: weight of babiese1
Direction: enhancede2
Value: 23.87 g cob-1e1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 69–92 · show in text ↑

e0
“Application of 75% RDF + 1.5% 19:19:19 spray + 0.2% ZnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 405–475 · show in text ↑

e1
“weight of babies (23.87 g cob-1)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1131–1163 · show in text ↑

e2
“enhanced growth parameters”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 748–774 · show in text ↑

zinc sulfate · growth · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

56 papers: 52 positive, 4 negative or no effect

51 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
Fixation of H 3 BO 3 and ZnSO 4 at mid season decreased NAR and CGR of corn.
Effects of micronutrients and their application method on yield, crop growth rate (CGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) of corn cv. Jeta · 2009
Opposite direction
no effect
Zinc sulfate urea did not significantly promote corn seedling growth.
Effect of different types of zinc on growth and yield of maize · 2015
Opposite direction
no effect
Zinc sulphate did not promote plant growth.
Effect of Different Element Formula on Nutrient Uptake in Maize · 2003
Opposite direction

52 papers more in this group

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zinc sulfate · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

128 papers: 124 positive, 4 negative or no effect

123 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

no effect
Zinc sulfate at 25 versus 35 kg ha -1 did not significantly alter maize grain yield.
Production and Profitability of Maize as Influenced by Different Levels of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Zinc in Central Plateau Zone of Maharashtra · 2017
Opposite direction
no effect
Zinc sulfate doses produced no change in grain yield.
FOLIAR FEEDING WITH ZINC AS A BIOFORTIFICATION STRATEGY IN MAIZE · 2019
Opposite direction
negative
Foliar ZnSO 4 was less effective than soil applied Zn on the more calcareous soil.
III. Response of sweet corn to sources of zinc · 1977 · compared with soil‐applied Zn
Opposite direction

124 papers more in this group

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iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

8 papers: 7 positive, 1 negative or no effect

6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

4 papers more in this group

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iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

23 papers: 22 positive, 1 negative or no effect

21 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

no effect
Iron sulfate did not increase dry matter yield.
Effect of urea and ammonium nitrate on the uptake of iron through leaves · 1984
Opposite direction
positive
Corn yield rose linearly with seed-row FeSO4·H2O rates in four of seven site-years.
Correcting Iron Deficiency in Corn with Seed Row–Applied Iron Sulfate · 2003
Same direction
positive
Sole and combined zinc and iron sulfate application improved maize yield attributes.
Biofortification of maize with zinc and iron not only enhances crop growthbut also improves grain quality · 2021
Same direction

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fertilization · organism · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

162 papers: 137 positive, 25 negative or no effect

136 papers in the same direction as this paper · 20 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
Increasing P rates significantly decreased mycorrhizal spores associated with corn roots.
Phosphorus Fertilization Impacts on Corn Yield and Soil Fertility · 2018
Opposite direction
no effect
Fertilizer nitrogen produced no yield response in corn grain, cob, and stover across seven site-years.
First‐Year Corn after Alfalfa Showed No Response to Fertilizer Nitrogen under No‐Tillage · 2012
Opposite direction
no effect
Green manure did not significantly influence maize stover nitrogen yield.
Effects of green manure legumes and their termination time on yield of maize and soil chemical properties · 2020
Opposite direction

158 papers more in this group

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application · organism · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

22 papers: 20 positive, 2 negative or no effect

19 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

no effect
Foliar treatments produced no significant differences in agronomic traits.
Foliar Zn Spraying Simultaneously Improved Concentrations and Bioavailability of Zn and Fe in Maize Grains Irrespective of Foliar Sucrose Supply · 2019
Opposite direction
no effect
CR2 and CS2 showed no significant measured effects at 0.4% NaCl.
Effect of NaCl Liquor Stress PGPR on Growth of Corn Seedlings · 2008
Opposite direction
positive
Seed and foliar pre-treatments with exogenous MeJA and/or SA are concluded to have positive effects on maize seedling responses to drought.
Combined seed and foliar pre-treatments with exogenous methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid mitigate drought-induced stress in maize · 2020
Same direction

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application · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

337 papers: 310 positive, 27 negative or no effect

309 papers in the same direction as this paper · 25 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

no effect
Chemical sprays did not significantly change maize height, stem thickness, or leaf number.
The Efficacy of Selected Synthetic Insecticides and Botanicals against Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, in Maize · 2019
Opposite direction
no effect
Foliar fertilization did not improve maize growth under short-term drought or salt stress.
Effect of foliar fertilization application on the growth and mineral nutrient content of maize seedlings under drought and salinity · 2008
Opposite direction
no effect
Phosphorus and zinc foliar spray had no effect on dry matter yield of forage maize.
The effects of a foliar spray containing phosphorus and zinc on the development, composition and yield of forage maize · 2001
Opposite direction

333 papers more in this group

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application · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

629 papers: 575 positive, 54 negative or no effect

574 papers in the same direction as this paper · 42 in the opposite direction · 12 reporting no difference from an alternative

positive
Maize grain yield responded significantly to zinc foliar application in two of three study years.
Effect of zinc foliar application on grain yield of maize and its yielding compone · 2009
Same directionCited by this paper
positive
The foliar nutrition treatment recorded higher cob weight in sweet corn.
Effect of Foliar Nutrition on Yield and Economics of Sweet Corn · 2020
Same directionCites this paper
positive
Dual nanofertilizer application produced the highest net return of 82956.
Response of Maize under Foliar Application of Zinc Based Nano fertilizer and Varying Fertility Levels on Quality, Yield, and Economics · 2022
Same directionCites this paper

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8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 13

The same questions in other papers

zinc sulfate · growth · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

zinc sulfate · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

fertilization · organism · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

application · organism · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

application · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

application · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results