Abstract
The N absorption and assimilation is critical for the rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield increase when overdose N was applied in rice production. Three different rice genotypes, 'Quanliangyou 1' (Q1), 'Quanliangyou 681' (Q681) and 'Huanghuazhan' (HHZ), were selected to investigate the effects of elevated N input on the N partitioning, plant growth, grain quality and key genes involved in glutamate biosynthesis. Under increasing N inputs (0, 120, 180, 250 kg ha -1 ), N content in leaf, culm, seed and root were increased significantly. The increased N was preferentially deposited in leaf and culm. Tiller number, panicle number and length were also proved to be significantly promoted, but plant height and 1000-grain weight were nonsignificantly affected under elevated N input. Under high N input, seed protein content was elevated, while fatty acid and amylose content remained unchanged in comparison to low N input, but amylopectin content decreased. For the key genes in N assimilation, glutamine synthetase (OsGS1;1) could be induced by increasing N input (0 to 180 kg ha -1 ) but higher N input (250 kg ha -1 ) inhibit its expression, which showed similar response pattern with the glutamine synthetase activity. Although different rice genotypes showed similar response pattern to elevated N input, each genotype varied a lot in certain phenotypic indexes. And the response pattern of all these phenotypic characteristics to elevated N input was independent of rice genotype. These findings suggest that elevated N input could promote rice growth, reallocate N content in different tissues, and have negative impact on grain quality. This study provided physiological and molecular foundation for rice breeding and cultivation under high N input.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen significantly increased nitrogen content in rice leaf, culm, seed and root.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- increasing N inputs (0, 120, 180, 250 kg ha -1 )e0
- Outcome
- N content in leaf, culm, seed and roote0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under increasing N inputs (0, 120, 180, 250 kg ha -1 ), N content in leaf, culm, seed and root were increased significantly.”
t0“Effects of elevated nitrogen application on nitrogen partitioning, plant growth, grain quality and key genes involved in glutamate biosynthesis among three rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
The additional nitrogen was preferentially deposited in rice leaf and culm.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leaf and culme0
- Outcome
- Ne0
- Direction
- preferentially depositede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increased N was preferentially deposited in leaf and culm.”
t0“Effects of elevated nitrogen application on nitrogen partitioning, plant growth, grain quality and key genes involved in glutamate biosynthesis among three rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated nitrogen significantly promoted rice tiller number, panicle number and panicle length.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- elevated nitrogen applicationt0
- Outcome
- Tiller number, panicle number and lengthe0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tiller number, panicle number and length were also proved to be significantly promoted”
t0“Effects of elevated nitrogen application on nitrogen partitioning, plant growth, grain quality and key genes involved in glutamate biosynthesis among three rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated nitrogen did not significantly affect rice plant height or 1000-grain weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- elevated N inpute0
- Outcome
- plant height and 1000-grain weighte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant height and 1000-grain weight were nonsignificantly affected under elevated N input”
t0“Effects of elevated nitrogen application on nitrogen partitioning, plant growth, grain quality and key genes involved in glutamate biosynthesis among three rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen input elevated rice seed protein content relative to low input.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high N inpute0
- Outcome
- seed protein contente0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Comparator
- low N inpute0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under high N input, seed protein content was elevated, while fatty acid and amylose content remained unchanged in comparison to low N input, but amylopectin content decreased.”
t0“Effects of elevated nitrogen application on nitrogen partitioning, plant growth, grain quality and key genes involved in glutamate biosynthesis among three rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen input left rice seed fatty acid and amylose content unchanged relative to low input.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high N inpute1
- Outcome
- fatty acid and amylose contente0
- Direction
- remained unchangede0
- Comparator
- low N inpute0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fatty acid and amylose content remained unchanged in comparison to low N input”
e1“Under high N input, seed protein content was elevated, while fatty acid and amylose content remained unchanged in comparison to low N input, but amylopectin content decreased.”
t0“Effects of elevated nitrogen application on nitrogen partitioning, plant growth, grain quality and key genes involved in glutamate biosynthesis among three rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen input decreased rice seed amylopectin content relative to low input.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high N inpute1
- Outcome
- amylopectin contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- low N inpute1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“amylopectin content decreased”
e1“Under high N input, seed protein content was elevated, while fatty acid and amylose content remained unchanged in comparison to low N input, but amylopectin content decreased.”
t0“Effects of elevated nitrogen application on nitrogen partitioning, plant growth, grain quality and key genes involved in glutamate biosynthesis among three rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen input up to 180 kg ha -1 induced rice OsGS1;1 expression.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- increasing N input (0 to 180 kg ha -1 )e0
- Gene
- glutamine synthetase (OsGS1;1)e0
- Outcome
- OsGS1;1e0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glutamine synthetase (OsGS1;1) could be induced by increasing N input (0 to 180 kg ha -1 )”
t0“Effects of elevated nitrogen application on nitrogen partitioning, plant growth, grain quality and key genes involved in glutamate biosynthesis among three rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen input of 250 kg ha -1 inhibited rice OsGS1;1 expression.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- higher N input (250 kg ha -1 )e0
- Gene
- OsGS1;1e1
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- inhibite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher N input (250 kg ha -1 ) inhibit its expression”
e1“glutamine synthetase (OsGS1;1) could be induced by increasing N input (0 to 180 kg ha -1 )”
t0“Effects of elevated nitrogen application on nitrogen partitioning, plant growth, grain quality and key genes involved in glutamate biosynthesis among three rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice glutamine synthetase activity showed a similar response pattern to increasing nitrogen as OsGS1;1 expression.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- glutamine synthetase activitye0
- Qualifier
- similar response patterne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which showed similar response pattern with the glutamine synthetase activity”
t0“Effects of elevated nitrogen application on nitrogen partitioning, plant growth, grain quality and key genes involved in glutamate biosynthesis among three rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
The three rice genotypes showed similar overall responses to elevated nitrogen but differed in certain phenotypic indices.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- elevated N inpute0
- Outcome
- phenotypic indexese0
- Direction
- varied a lote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although different rice genotypes showed similar response pattern to elevated N input, each genotype varied a lot in certain phenotypic indexes.”
t0“Effects of elevated nitrogen application on nitrogen partitioning, plant growth, grain quality and key genes involved in glutamate biosynthesis among three rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Responses of the measured rice phenotypes to elevated nitrogen were independent of genotype.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- elevated N inpute0
- Outcome
- response pattern of all these phenotypic characteristicse0
- Direction
- independente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the response pattern of all these phenotypic characteristics to elevated N input was independent of rice genotype”
t0“Effects of elevated nitrogen application on nitrogen partitioning, plant growth, grain quality and key genes involved in glutamate biosynthesis among three rice genotypes”
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