Abstract
Most researches on wheat and barley breeding for salt tolerance have focused mainly on excluding Na+ from different tissues but the results of some experiments suggest that contribution of Na+ exclusion to salt tolerance is overshadowed by other physiological responses. Three bread wheat cultivars differing in salt tolerance (Arg, Tajan and Baharan) and one barley cultivar (Nik) were employed to assess tissues Na+ concentration and K+/Na+ ratios as a criterion for salt tolerance using a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Three levels of NaCl (0, 75 and 150 mM NaCl) were imposed as the salinity treatment when the leaf 4 was fully expanded. Salinity decreased root dry weight, root K+, shoot K+ and shoot K+/Na+ ratio and increased root and shoot Na+. Shoot Na+ concentrations of barley and salt tolerant cultivar of wheat (Arg) were greater than Tajan and Baharan under salinity stress. There was no meaningful relationship between Na+ exclusion and salt tolerance in the examined wheat cultivars and Nik barley cultivar. Shoot K+/Na+ ratio was found to be the most responsive trait to salinity and no significant differences were observed between the wheat cultivars and Nik barley cultivar under salinity conditions in this aspect. Given the negative effects of salinity on root growth, it seemed that the major factor in root dry weight losses of the present wheat cultivars and Nik barley cultivar was due, mainly, to the osmotic effect of salt. The results of this experiment suggest that Na+ exclusion does not necessarily confer salt tolerance. It, hence, seems breeding for salt tolerance needs to select for traits related to both Na+ exclusion and other physiological responses, most likely those associated with tissue tolerance.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreases root dry weight in wheat and barley.
- Taxon
- Wheat and Barley
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Hordeum vulgare
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- NaCle1
- Outcome
- root dry weighte2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Wheat and Barley”
e1“Three levels of NaCl (0, 75 and 150 mM NaCl) were imposed as the salinity treatment”
e2“Salinity decreased root dry weight, root K+, shoot K+ and shoot K+/Na+ ratio and increased root and shoot Na+”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreases root K+ and shoot K+ in wheat and barley.
- Taxon
- Wheat and BarleyHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NaCle1
- Outcome
- root K+, shoot K+e2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat and Barley”
e1“Three levels of NaCl (0, 75 and 150 mM NaCl) were imposed as the salinity treatment”
e2“Salinity decreased root dry weight, root K+, shoot K+ and shoot K+/Na+ ratio and increased root and shoot Na+”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreases the shoot K+/Na+ ratio in wheat and barley.
- Taxon
- Wheat and BarleyHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NaCle1
- Outcome
- shoot K+/Na+ ratioe2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat and Barley”
e1“Three levels of NaCl (0, 75 and 150 mM NaCl) were imposed as the salinity treatment”
e2“Salinity decreased root dry weight, root K+, shoot K+ and shoot K+/Na+ ratio and increased root and shoot Na+”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increases root and shoot Na+ in wheat and barley.
- Taxon
- Wheat and BarleyHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NaCle1
- Outcome
- root and shoot Na+e2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat and Barley”
e1“Three levels of NaCl (0, 75 and 150 mM NaCl) were imposed as the salinity treatment”
e2“Salinity decreased root dry weight, root K+, shoot K+ and shoot K+/Na+ ratio and increased root and shoot Na+”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot Na+ concentration of the salt-tolerant wheat cultivar Arg is greater than that of Tajan and Baharan under salinity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Material
- Arge3
- Treatment
- salinity stresse3
- Outcome
- Shoot Na+ concentrationse3
- Direction
- greatere3
- Comparator
- Tajan and Baharane3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Shoot Na+ concentrations of barley and salt tolerant cultivar of wheat (Arg) were greater than Tajan and Baharan under salinity stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot Na+ concentration of the barley cultivar Nik is greater than that of Tajan and Baharan under salinity.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree3
- Material
- Nike0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse3
- Outcome
- Shoot Na+ concentrationse3
- Direction
- greatere3
- Comparator
- Tajan and Baharane3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three bread wheat cultivars differing in salt tolerance (Arg, Tajan and Baharan) and one barley cultivar (Nik) were employed”
e3“Shoot Na+ concentrations of barley and salt tolerant cultivar of wheat (Arg) were greater than Tajan and Baharan under salinity stress”
Claim · model-written summary
No meaningful relationship exists between Na+ exclusion and salt tolerance in the examined wheat cultivars and the Nik barley cultivar.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume4
- Material
- Nike4
- Outcome
- relationship between Na+ exclusion and salt tolerancee4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“There was no meaningful relationship between Na+ exclusion and salt tolerance in the examined wheat cultivars and Nik barley cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot K+/Na+ ratio is the trait most responsive to salinity in wheat and barley.
- Taxon
- Wheat and BarleyHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Shoot K+/Na+ ratioe5
- Qualifier
- most responsive trait to salinitye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat and Barley”
e5“Shoot K+/Na+ ratio was found to be the most responsive trait to salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salinity, the shoot K+/Na+ ratio does not differ significantly between wheat cultivars and the Nik barley cultivar.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- salinity conditionse5
- Outcome
- shoot K+/Na+ ratioe5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
- Comparator
- Nik barley cultivare5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Shoot K+/Na+ ratio was found to be the most responsive trait to salinity and no significant differences were observed between the wheat cultivars and Nik barley cultivar under salinity conditions in this aspect”
Claim · model-written summary
Root dry weight losses in the wheat cultivars and Nik barley are seemingly due mainly to the osmotic effect of salt.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Outcome
- root dry weight lossese6
- Qualifier
- osmotic effect of salte6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“it seemed that the major factor in root dry weight losses of the present wheat cultivars and Nik barley cultivar was due, mainly, to the osmotic effect of salt”
Claim · model-written summary
Na+ exclusion does not necessarily confer salt tolerance.
- Taxon
- Wheat and BarleyHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Compound
- Na+e7
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat and Barley”
e7“Na+ exclusion does not necessarily confer salt tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Breeding for salt tolerance should select for traits related to both Na+ exclusion and other physiological responses.
- Taxon
- Wheat and BarleyHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- breeding for salt tolerancee1
- Qualifier
- traits related to both Na+ exclusion and other physiological responsese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat and Barley”
e1“breeding for salt tolerance needs to select for traits related to both Na+ exclusion and other physiological responses”
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