Abstract
Plant extracts could turn out to be natural herbicides to be used in weed control. This study was conducted to study the phytotoxic effects of methanol extracts obtained from Tamarix mannifera, Alhagi maurorum, Echinops spinosissimus, Haloxylon salicornicum, Lactuca virosa, Neurada procumbens, Ochradenus bacctus, and Cyperus conglomerates plants on germination and growth of Phalaris minor, Echinochloa crusgalli, Portulaca oleracea, and Lactuca sativa. In laboratory trial, extracts of eight plants at 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 g/L were evaluated on germination of seeds of four target species. The inhibitory effect of tested extracts varied among the examined seeds, and P. minor was the most sensitive. Extracts of T. mannifera and L. virosa showed the greatest effect on seed germination and seedling growth of studied seeds. Using the extract of T. mannifera at 40 g/L completely inhibited the germination and seedling growth of P. minor and shoot length of P. oleracea as well as root length of E. crusgalli and L. sativa. At this concentration, L. virosa nearly had a complete inhibition effect on germination and seedling growth of P. minor and P. oleracea. In the greenhouse trial, extracts from tested plants at four concentrations (0, 30, 60, and 90 g/L) were used in a phytotoxic bioassay against 6-week-old L. sativa and three target weeds. The growth of 6-week-old weeds tended to be less sensitive to the tested extracts than the weed germination. The significant injury effect was observed only when T. mannifera extract at 60 and 90 g/L was sprayed on P. minor, E. crusgalli, and L. sativa plants. Among tested species, T. mannifera and L. virosa could be used for developing new natural herbicide.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
The inhibitory effects of plant extracts varied among target seeds.
- Taxon
- P. minor
.jpg?width=60)
Phalaris minore0 - Treatment
- tested extractse0
- Outcome
- inhibitory effecte0
- Direction
- variede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The inhibitory effect of tested extracts varied among the examined seeds, and P. minor was the most sensitive”
Claim · model-written summary
P. minor was the most sensitive of the examined seeds to the extracts.
- Taxon
- P. minorPhalaris minore0
- Treatment
- tested extractse0
- Outcome
- most sensitivee0
- Direction
- most sensitivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inhibitory effect of tested extracts varied among the examined seeds, and P. minor was the most sensitive”
Claim · model-written summary
T. mannifera extracts had the greatest effect on seed germination and seedling growth.
- Taxon
- P. minorPhalaris minore1
- Treatment
- T. manniferae0
- Outcome
- seed germination and seedling growthe0
- Direction
- greatest effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Extracts of T. mannifera and L. virosa showed the greatest effect on seed germination and seedling growth of studied seeds”
e1“P. minor was the most sensitive”
Claim · model-written summary
L. virosa extracts had the greatest effect on seed germination and seedling growth.
- Taxon
- P. minorPhalaris minore1
- Treatment
- L. virosae0
- Outcome
- seed germination and seedling growthe0
- Direction
- greatest effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Extracts of T. mannifera and L. virosa showed the greatest effect on seed germination and seedling growth of studied seeds”
e1“P. minor was the most sensitive”
Claim · model-written summary
T. mannifera extract at 40 g/L completely inhibited germination and seedling growth of P. minor.
- Taxon
- P. minorPhalaris minore0
- Treatment
- extract of T. mannifera at 40 g/Le0
- Outcome
- germination and seedling growthe0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using the extract of T. mannifera at 40 g/L completely inhibited the germination and seedling growth of P. minor and shoot length of P. oleracea as well as root length of E. crusgalli and L. sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
T. mannifera extract at 40 g/L completely inhibited shoot length of P. oleracea.
- Taxon
- P. oleracea
Portulaca oleraceae0 - Treatment
- extract of T. mannifera at 40 g/Le0
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using the extract of T. mannifera at 40 g/L completely inhibited the germination and seedling growth of P. minor and shoot length of P. oleracea as well as root length of E. crusgalli and L. sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
T. mannifera extract at 40 g/L completely inhibited root length of E. crusgalli.
- Taxon
- E. crusgalli
Echinochloa crus-gallie0 - Treatment
- extract of T. mannifera at 40 g/Le0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using the extract of T. mannifera at 40 g/L completely inhibited the germination and seedling growth of P. minor and shoot length of P. oleracea as well as root length of E. crusgalli and L. sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
T. mannifera extract at 40 g/L completely inhibited root length of L. sativa.
- Taxon
- L. sativa
Lactuca sativae0 - Treatment
- extract of T. mannifera at 40 g/Le0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using the extract of T. mannifera at 40 g/L completely inhibited the germination and seedling growth of P. minor and shoot length of P. oleracea as well as root length of E. crusgalli and L. sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
L. virosa extract at 40 g/L nearly completely inhibited P. minor germination and seedling growth.
- Taxon
- P. minorPhalaris minore0
- Treatment
- L. virosae0
- Outcome
- germination and seedling growthe0
- Direction
- complete inhibitione0
- Qualifier
- At this concentratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At this concentration, L. virosa nearly had a complete inhibition effect on germination and seedling growth of P. minor and P. oleracea”
e1“T. mannifera at 40 g/L”
Claim · model-written summary
L. virosa extract at 40 g/L nearly completely inhibited P. oleracea germination and seedling growth.
- Taxon
- P. oleraceaPortulaca oleraceae0
- Treatment
- L. virosae0
- Outcome
- germination and seedling growthe0
- Direction
- complete inhibitione0
- Qualifier
- At this concentratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At this concentration, L. virosa nearly had a complete inhibition effect on germination and seedling growth of P. minor and P. oleracea”
e1“T. mannifera at 40 g/L”
Claim · model-written summary
Six-week-old weeds were less sensitive to extracts than germinating weed seeds.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of 6-week-old weeds tended to be less sensitive to the tested extracts than the weed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprayed T. mannifera extract at 60 and 90 g/L significantly injured P. minor.
- Taxon
- P. minorPhalaris minore0
- Treatment
- T. mannifera extract at 60 and 90 g/Le0
- Outcome
- injury effecte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The significant injury effect was observed only when T. mannifera extract at 60 and 90 g/L was sprayed on P. minor, E. crusgalli, and L. sativa plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprayed T. mannifera extract at 60 and 90 g/L significantly injured E. crusgalli.
- Taxon
- E. crusgalliEchinochloa crus-gallie0
- Treatment
- T. mannifera extract at 60 and 90 g/Le0
- Outcome
- injury effecte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The significant injury effect was observed only when T. mannifera extract at 60 and 90 g/L was sprayed on P. minor, E. crusgalli, and L. sativa plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprayed T. mannifera extract at 60 and 90 g/L significantly injured L. sativa.
- Taxon
- L. sativaLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- T. mannifera extract at 60 and 90 g/Le0
- Outcome
- injury effecte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The significant injury effect was observed only when T. mannifera extract at 60 and 90 g/L was sprayed on P. minor, E. crusgalli, and L. sativa plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify T. mannifera and L. virosa as candidates for natural herbicide development.
Verbatim
e0“T. mannifera and L. virosa could be used for developing new natural herbicide”
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See all 271 papers →botanical · crop injury · Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass)Results agree
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botanical · crop injury · Phalaris minor (littleseed canarygrass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.