Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes catalyze a wide range of reactions in plant metabolism. Besides their physiological functions on primary and secondary metabolites, P450s are also involved in herbicide detoxification via hydroxylation or dealkylation. Ginseng as a perennial plant offers more sustainable solutions to herbicide resistance. Tissue-specific gene expression and differentially modulated transcripts were monitored by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. As a tool to evaluate the function of PgCYP736A12, the 35S promoter was used to overexpress the gene in Arabidopsis. Protein localization was visualized using confocal microscopy by tagging the fluorescent protein. Tolerance to herbicides was analyzed by growing seeds and seedlings on Murashige and Skoog medium containing chlorotoluron. The expression of PgCYP736A12 was three-fold more in leaves compared with other tissues from two-year-old ginseng plants. Transcript levels were similarly upregulated by treatment with abscisic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and NaCl, the highest being with salicylic acid. Jasmonic acid treatment did not alter the mRNA levels of PgCYP736A12. Transgenic lines displayed slightly reduced plant height and were able to tolerate the herbicide chlorotoluron. Reduced stem elongation might be correlated with increased expression of genes involved in bioconversion of gibberellin to inactive forms. PgCYP736A12 protein localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus. PgCYP736A12 does not respond to the well-known secondary metabolite elicitor jasmonic acid, which suggests that it may not function in ginsenoside biosynthesis. Heterologous overexpression of PgCYP736A12 reveals that this gene is actually involved in herbicide metabolism.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
PgCYP736A12 expression was threefold higher in ginseng leaves than other tissues.
- Taxon
- ginseng
Panax ginsenge0 - Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Gene
- PgCYP736A12e0
- Outcome
- expression of PgCYP736A12e0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- three-folde0
- Comparator
- other tissuese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of PgCYP736A12 was three-fold more in leaves compared with other tissues from two-year-old ginseng plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Abscisic acid upregulated PgCYP736A12 transcript levels.
- Taxon
- ginsengPanax ginsenge1
- Treatment
- abscisic acide0
- Outcome
- Transcript levelse0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedGeneComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcript levels were similarly upregulated by treatment with abscisic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and NaCl”
e1“two-year-old ginseng plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide upregulated ginseng transcript levels.
- Taxon
- ginsengPanax ginsenge1
- Treatment
- hydrogen peroxidee0
- Outcome
- Transcript levelse0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcript levels were similarly upregulated by treatment with abscisic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and NaCl”
e1“two-year-old ginseng plants”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl upregulated ginseng transcript levels.
- Taxon
- ginsengPanax ginsenge1
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- Transcript levelse0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcript levels were similarly upregulated by treatment with abscisic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and NaCl”
e1“two-year-old ginseng plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid produced the highest transcript upregulation.
- Taxon
- ginsengPanax ginsenge1
- Treatment
- salicylic acide0
- Outcome
- Transcript levelse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- abscisic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and NaCle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcript levels were similarly upregulated by treatment with abscisic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and NaCl, the highest being with salicylic acid.”
e1“two-year-old ginseng plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Jasmonic acid did not alter PgCYP736A12 mRNA levels.
- Taxon
- ginsengPanax ginsenge1
- Treatment
- Jasmonic acid treatmente0
- Gene
- PgCYP736A12e0
- Outcome
- mRNA levels of PgCYP736A12e0
- Direction
- did not altere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Jasmonic acid treatment did not alter the mRNA levels of PgCYP736A12.”
e1“two-year-old ginseng plants”
Claim · model-written summary
PgCYP736A12 transgenic Arabidopsis lines showed slightly reduced height.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise1 - Treatment
- overexpress the genee1
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- slightlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transgenic lines displayed slightly reduced plant height”
e1“overexpress the gene in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
PgCYP736A12 transgenic Arabidopsis lines tolerated chlorotoluron.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- overexpress the genee1
- Outcome
- tolerate the herbicide chlorotolurone0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transgenic lines displayed slightly reduced plant height and were able to tolerate the herbicide chlorotoluron.”
e1“overexpress the gene in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced stem elongation may correlate with expression of gibberellin inactivation genes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- genes involved in bioconversion of gibberellin to inactive formse0
- Outcome
- Reduced stem elongatione0
- Direction
- Reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced stem elongation might be correlated with increased expression of genes involved in bioconversion of gibberellin to inactive forms.”
e1“overexpress the gene in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
PgCYP736A12 protein localized to cytoplasm and nucleus.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- PgCYP736A12 proteine0
- Outcome
- localized to the cytoplasm and nucleuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PgCYP736A12 protein localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus.”
e1“overexpress the gene in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer PgCYP736A12 may not function in ginsenoside biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- ginsengPanax ginsenge1
- Gene
- PgCYP736A12e0
- Outcome
- may not function in ginsenoside biosynthesise0
- Qualifier
- does not respond to the well-known secondary metabolite elicitor jasmonic acide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PgCYP736A12 does not respond to the well-known secondary metabolite elicitor jasmonic acid, which suggests that it may not function in ginsenoside biosynthesis.”
e1“two-year-old ginseng plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors conclude PgCYP736A12 participates in herbicide metabolism.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- Heterologous overexpression of PgCYP736A12e0
- Gene
- PgCYP736A12e0
- Outcome
- involved in herbicide metabolisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heterologous overexpression of PgCYP736A12 reveals that this gene is actually involved in herbicide metabolism.”
e1“overexpress the gene in Arabidopsis”
The same questions in other papers
jasmonic acid · molecular: expression · Panax ginseng (ginseng)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
hydrogen peroxide · molecular: expression · Panax ginseng (ginseng)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
sodium chloride · molecular: expression · Panax ginseng (ginseng)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
salicylic acid · molecular: expression · Panax ginseng (ginseng)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.