Abstract
Polyamines have been reported to be involved in grain filling and they might contribute to the construction of heat resistance of some cereals. In this study, the hybrid rice ‘YLY 689’ was used to explore the possible effects of exogenous spermidine (Spd) on seed quality under high temperature during the filling stage. Rice spikes were treated with Spd or its synthesis inhibitor cyclohexylamine (CHA) after pollination, and then the rice plants were transferred to 40 °C for 5-day heat treatment. The results showed that, compared with the control under high temperature, Spd pretreatment significantly improved the germination percentage, germination index, vigor index, seedling shoot height, and dry weight of seeds harvested at 35 days after pollination, while the CHA significantly decreased the seed germination and seedling growth. Meanwhile, Spd significantly increased the peroxidase (POD) activity and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in seeds. In addition, after spraying with Spd, the endogenous content of spermidine and spermine and the expression of their synthetic genes, spermidine synthase (SPDSYN) and spermine synthase (SPMS1 and SPMS2), significantly increased, whereas the accumulation of amylose and total starch and the expression of their related synthase genes, soluble starch synthase II-3 (SS II-3) and granules bound starch synthase I (GBSSI), also increased to some extent. The data suggests that exogenous Spd pretreatment could alleviate the negative impacts of high temperature stress on rice seed grain filling and improve the rice seed quality to some extent, which might be partly caused by up-regulating endogenous polyamines and starch metabolism.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine significantly improved germination percentage, germination index and vigor index under heat.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- Spd pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- germination percentage, germination index, vigor indexe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- control under high temperaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Seeds”
e0“compared with the control under high temperature, Spd pretreatment significantly improved the germination percentage, germination index, vigor index, seedling shoot height, and dry weight of seeds harvested at 35 days after pollination”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine significantly improved seedling shoot height and dry weight under heat.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- Spd pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- seedling shoot height, and dry weighte0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- control under high temperaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Seeds”
e0“compared with the control under high temperature, Spd pretreatment significantly improved the germination percentage, germination index, vigor index, seedling shoot height, and dry weight of seeds harvested at 35 days after pollination”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyclohexylamine significantly decreased seed germination and seedling growth.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CHAe0
- Outcome
- seed germination and seedling growthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Seeds”
e0“the CHA significantly decreased the seed germination and seedling growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine significantly increased seed peroxidase activity.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- Spde0
- Outcome
- peroxidase (POD) activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Seeds”
e0“Spd significantly increased the peroxidase (POD) activity and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine decreased malondialdehyde content in seeds.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- Spde0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA) contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Seeds”
e0“Spd significantly increased the peroxidase (POD) activity and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine spraying significantly increased endogenous spermidine and spermine content.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- spraying with Spde0
- Outcome
- endogenous content of spermidine and sperminee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Seeds”
e0“after spraying with Spd, the endogenous content of spermidine and spermine and the expression of their synthetic genes, spermidine synthase (SPDSYN) and spermine synthase (SPMS1 and SPMS2), significantly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine spraying significantly increased expression of polyamine synthesis genes.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- spraying with Spde0
- Gene
- spermidine synthase (SPDSYN) and spermine synthase (SPMS1 and SPMS2)e0
- Outcome
- expression of their synthetic genese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Seeds”
e0“after spraying with Spd, the endogenous content of spermidine and spermine and the expression of their synthetic genes, spermidine synthase (SPDSYN) and spermine synthase (SPMS1 and SPMS2), significantly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine increased amylose and total starch accumulation to some extent.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- accumulation of amylose and total starche0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- to some extente0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Seeds”
e0“the accumulation of amylose and total starch and the expression of their related synthase genes, soluble starch synthase II-3 (SS II-3) and granules bound starch synthase I (GBSSI), also increased to some extent”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine increased expression of starch synthesis genes to some extent.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- soluble starch synthase II-3 (SS II-3) and granules bound starch synthase I (GBSSI)e0
- Outcome
- expression of their related synthase genese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- to some extente0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Seeds”
e0“the accumulation of amylose and total starch and the expression of their related synthase genes, soluble starch synthase II-3 (SS II-3) and granules bound starch synthase I (GBSSI), also increased to some extent”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest spermidine pretreatment could alleviate heat harm to grain filling and improve rice seed quality.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- exogenous Spd pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- rice seed qualitye0
- Qualifier
- up-regulating endogenous polyamines and starch metabolisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous Spd pretreatment could alleviate the negative impacts of high temperature stress on rice seed grain filling and improve the rice seed quality to some extent, which might be partly caused by up-regulating endogenous polyamines and starch metabolism”
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