Abstract
Summary Oligosaccharide, a typical danger‐associated molecular pattern (DAMP), has been studied and applied as plant defence elicitor for several years. Here, we report a novel oligosaccharide, mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) with a degree of polymerization of 2–6, which was hydrolysed from locust bean gum by a newly reported enzyme, BpMan5. The MOS treatment can significantly enhance the generation of signalling molecules such as intracellular Ca 2+ and reactive oxygen species. Subsequent defence events like stomata closure and cell death were also caused by MOS, eventually leading to the prevention of pathogen invasion or expansion. Transcriptional expression assay indicated that MOS activated mitogen‐activated protein kinase cascades in tobacco and rice via different cascading pathways. The expression levels of the defence‐related genes PR‐1a and LOX were both up‐regulated after MOS treatment, suggesting that MOS may simultaneously activate salicylic acid and jasmonic acid‐dependent signalling pathways. Furthermore, liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis showed that MOS led to the accumulation of four phytoalexins (momilactone A, phytocassane A, phytocassane D, and phytocassane E) in rice seedling leaves within 12–24 h. Finally, MOS conferred resistance in rice and tobacco against Xanthomonas oryzae and Phytophthora nicotianae , respectively. Taken together, our results indicated that MOS, a novel DAMP, could trigger multiple defence responses to prime plant resistance and has a great potential as plant defence elicitor for the management of plant disease.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
MOS enhanced intracellular calcium and reactive oxygen species generation.
- Taxon
- rice and tobacco
Nicotiana tabacum
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- MOS treatmente0
- Outcome
- intracellular Ca 2+ and reactive oxygen speciese0
- Direction
- enhancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The MOS treatment can significantly enhance the generation of signalling molecules such as intracellular Ca 2+ and reactive oxygen species”
t0“rice and tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
MOS caused stomatal closure and cell death.
- Taxon
- rice and tobaccoNicotiana tabacumOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MOSe0
- Outcome
- stomata closure and cell deathe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Subsequent defence events like stomata closure and cell death were also caused by MOS”
t0“rice and tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
MOS activated MAP kinase cascades through different pathways in tobacco and rice.
- Taxon
- tobacco and riceNicotiana tabacumOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- MOSe0
- Outcome
- mitogen‐activated protein kinase cascadese0
- Direction
- activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MOS activated mitogen‐activated protein kinase cascades in tobacco and rice via different cascading pathways”
Claim · model-written summary
MOS increased PR‐1a and LOX expression.
- Taxon
- rice and tobaccoNicotiana tabacumOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MOS treatmente0
- Gene
- PR‐1a and LOXe0
- Outcome
- expression levelse0
- Direction
- up‐regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression levels of the defence‐related genes PR‐1a and LOX were both up‐regulated after MOS treatment”
t0“rice and tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
MOS led to accumulation of four phytoalexins in rice seedling leaves within 12–24 h.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- seedling leavese0
- Treatment
- MOSe0
- Outcome
- accumulation of four phytoalexins (momilactone A, phytocassane A, phytocassane D, and phytocassane E)e0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
- Qualifier
- within 12–24 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MOS led to the accumulation of four phytoalexins (momilactone A, phytocassane A, phytocassane D, and phytocassane E) in rice seedling leaves within 12–24 h”
Claim · model-written summary
MOS conferred resistance in rice to Xanthomonas oryzae.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- MOSe0
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas oryzaeXanthomonas oryzaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistancee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MOS conferred resistance in rice and tobacco against Xanthomonas oryzae and Phytophthora nicotianae , respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
MOS conferred resistance in tobacco to Phytophthora nicotianae.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- MOSe0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora nicotianae
Phytophthora nicotianaee0pathogen - Outcome
- resistancee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MOS conferred resistance in rice and tobacco against Xanthomonas oryzae and Phytophthora nicotianae , respectively”
The same questions in other papers
oligosaccharide · quality: protein · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
oligosaccharide · molecular: expression · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
oligosaccharide · Phytophthora nicotianae · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
oligosaccharide · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
oligosaccharide · physiology: oxidative · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.