Abstract
Weed infestation ranked first as main constraint in agriculture production system because both weeds and crop striving for space, light, water and nutrients. For this purpose, a field trial was designed in CRBD across factorial management during 2017-18. Four different seed rates (100, 125, 150 and 175 kg ha -1 ) tested against weed management practices (no weeding, herbicide application, hand hoeing and allelopathic weed control) and replicated thrice. The results revealed that seed rate of 125 kg ha -1 increased grain yield (4.24 t ha -1 ). The wheat physiological traits were also improved on this seed rate with CGR (16.80 g m -2 day -1 ) and NAR (4.78 16.80 g m -2 day -1 ). This medium seed rate also increased leaf N, P and K concentration by 34.72, 56.76 and 31.79% over 100 kg ha -1 , 11.56, 20.83 and 6.48% over 150 kg ha -1 . However, higher seed rate reduced its uptake by 48.84, 57.92 and 11.28% over 125 kg ha -1 and 29.84, 60.00 and 10.68% over 150 kg ha -1 . The weed whole plants N, P and K concentration and uptake reduced on higher seed rates. While, herbicide application effectively controlled weeds by 90.56% followed by hand hoeing (84.55%). According to linear regression analysis, a positive and significant correlation was noted between grain yield and CGR (r = 0.90) and grain yield and NAR (r = 0.93). Consequently, it can be established from this study that weeds controlled by herbicide application and crop sown with seed rate of 125 kg ha -1 minimized weed crop competition and increased crop yield.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
A seed rate of 125 kg ha -1 increased wheat grain yield to 4.24 t ha -1 .
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- seed rate of 125 kg ha -1e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4.24 t ha -1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed rate of 125 kg ha -1 increased grain yield (4.24 t ha -1 )”
t0“Effect of wheat planting density”
Claim · model-written summary
At that seed rate wheat CGR improved to 16.80 g m -2 day -1 .
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- seed rate of 125 kg ha -1e1
- Outcome
- CGRe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 16.80 g m -2 day -1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The wheat physiological traits were also improved on this seed rate with CGR (16.80 g m -2 day -1 )”
e1“seed rate of 125 kg ha -1 increased grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
At that seed rate wheat NAR improved to the reported 4.78 value.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- seed rate of 125 kg ha -1e1
- Outcome
- NARe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 4.78 16.80 g m -2 day -1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The wheat physiological traits were also improved on this seed rate with CGR (16.80 g m -2 day -1 ) and NAR (4.78 16.80 g m -2 day -1 )”
e1“seed rate of 125 kg ha -1 increased grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The medium seed rate increased leaf nitrogen concentration by 34.72% versus 100 kg ha -1 and 11.56% versus 150 kg ha -1 .
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- medium seed ratee0
- Outcome
- leaf N, P and K concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 34.72e0
- Qualifier
- 11.56e0
- Comparator
- 100 kg ha -1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This medium seed rate also increased leaf N, P and K concentration by 34.72, 56.76 and 31.79% over 100 kg ha -1 , 11.56, 20.83 and 6.48% over 150 kg ha -1”
t0“Effect of wheat planting density”
Claim · model-written summary
The medium seed rate increased leaf phosphorus concentration by 56.76% versus 100 kg ha -1 and 20.83% versus 150 kg ha -1 .
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- medium seed ratee0
- Outcome
- leaf N, P and K concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 56.76e0
- Qualifier
- 20.83e0
- Comparator
- 100 kg ha -1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This medium seed rate also increased leaf N, P and K concentration by 34.72, 56.76 and 31.79% over 100 kg ha -1 , 11.56, 20.83 and 6.48% over 150 kg ha -1”
t0“Effect of wheat planting density”
Claim · model-written summary
The medium seed rate increased leaf potassium concentration by 31.79% versus 100 kg ha -1 and 6.48% versus 150 kg ha -1 .
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- medium seed ratee0
- Outcome
- leaf N, P and K concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 31.79%e0
- Qualifier
- 6.48%e0
- Comparator
- 100 kg ha -1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This medium seed rate also increased leaf N, P and K concentration by 34.72, 56.76 and 31.79% over 100 kg ha -1 , 11.56, 20.83 and 6.48% over 150 kg ha -1”
t0“Effect of wheat planting density”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher seed rate reduced nitrogen uptake by 48.84% versus 125 kg ha -1 and 29.84% versus 150 kg ha -1 .
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- higher seed ratee0
- Outcome
- uptakee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 48.84e0
- Qualifier
- 29.84e0
- Comparator
- 125 kg ha -1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher seed rate reduced its uptake by 48.84, 57.92 and 11.28% over 125 kg ha -1 and 29.84, 60.00 and 10.68% over 150 kg ha -1”
t0“Effect of wheat planting density”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher seed rate reduced phosphorus uptake by 57.92% versus 125 kg ha -1 and 60.00% versus 150 kg ha -1 .
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- higher seed ratee0
- Outcome
- uptakee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 57.92e0
- Qualifier
- 60.00e0
- Comparator
- 125 kg ha -1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher seed rate reduced its uptake by 48.84, 57.92 and 11.28% over 125 kg ha -1 and 29.84, 60.00 and 10.68% over 150 kg ha -1”
t0“Effect of wheat planting density”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher seed rate reduced potassium uptake by 11.28% versus 125 kg ha -1 and 10.68% versus 150 kg ha -1 .
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- higher seed ratee0
- Outcome
- uptakee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 11.28%e0
- Qualifier
- 10.68%e0
- Comparator
- 125 kg ha -1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher seed rate reduced its uptake by 48.84, 57.92 and 11.28% over 125 kg ha -1 and 29.84, 60.00 and 10.68% over 150 kg ha -1”
t0“Effect of wheat planting density”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher seed rates reduced weed whole-plant nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration and uptake.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- higher seed ratese0
- Interactor
- weedst0weed
- Outcome
- weed whole plants N, P and K concentration and uptakee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The weed whole plants N, P and K concentration and uptake reduced on higher seed rates”
t0“wheat and weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide application controlled weeds by 90.56%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- herbicide applicatione0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- controlled weedse0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 90.56%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“herbicide application effectively controlled weeds by 90.56%”
t0“Effect of wheat planting density”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand hoeing controlled weeds by 84.55%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- hand hoeinge0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- controlled weedse0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 84.55%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“herbicide application effectively controlled weeds by 90.56% followed by hand hoeing (84.55%)”
t0“Effect of wheat planting density”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield correlated positively and significantly with CGR (r = 0.90).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Qualifier
- r = 0.90e0
- Comparator
- CGRe0
Not reportedOrgan / stage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a positive and significant correlation was noted between grain yield and CGR (r = 0.90)”
t0“Effect of wheat planting density”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield correlated positively and significantly with NAR (r = 0.93).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Qualifier
- r = 0.93e0
- Comparator
- NARe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a positive and significant correlation was noted between grain yield and CGR (r = 0.90) and grain yield and NAR (r = 0.93)”
t0“Effect of wheat planting density”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend herbicide weed control with wheat sown at 125 kg ha -1 to minimize competition and increase yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- herbicide applicatione0
- Outcome
- minimized weed crop competition and increased crop yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weeds controlled by herbicide application and crop sown with seed rate of 125 kg ha -1 minimized weed crop competition and increased crop yield”
t0“Effect of wheat planting density”
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